appearance; the black disappears more or less, and with it many of the small white spots. In some cases the black only remains as a ring round the larger white spots; the ground-colour therefore becomes yellowish-green or yellow, varying very considerably.” The larva does not change colour previous to pupation. This species, according to the outline figure given (_loc. cit._, Pl. XXXIX., Fig. 9), appears to belong to the first of Dr. Weismann’s groups, comprising _D. Euphorbiæ_, _D. Dahlii_ and _D. Nicæa_ (see p. 199), and is therefore in the seventh phyletic stage of development (p. 224). From the recorded habits it seems most probable that the colours and markings of this caterpillar are signals of distastefulness. It is much to be regretted that Major Roberts has not increased the value of his description of this species by adding some observations or experiments bearing on this point. _Eusmerinthus Kindermanni_, Lederer, feeds on willow. “General colour green, covered with minute white dots and seven long pale yellow oblique lateral bands. (The ground-colour is the same as the willow-leaves on which the larva feeds, the yellow stripes the same as the leaf-stalks, and the head and true legs like the younger branches).” As no subdorsal line is mentioned or figured, this species must be regarded as belonging to the third stage of phyletic development (see p. 242). I have recently had an opportunity of inspecting a large number of drawings of Sphinx-larvæ in the possession of Mr. F. Moore, and of those species not mentioned in the previous portions of this work the following may be noticed:--_Chærocampa Theylia_, Linn., like _Ch. Lewisii_ (note 82, p. 194), appears to be another form connecting the second and third phyletic groups of this genus. _Ch. Clotho_, Drury, belongs to the third group (figured by Semper; see note 3 to this Appendix). The larva of _Ch. Lucasii_, Walk., offers another instance of the retention of the subdorsal line by an ocellated species. The larva of _Ch. Lycetus_, Cram., of which Mr. Moore was so good as to show me descriptions made at the various stages of growth, presents many points of interest. It belongs to the third phyletic group, and all the ocelli appear at a very early stage. The dimorphism appears also in the young larvæ, some being green, and others black, a fact which may be explained by the law of “backward transference” (see p. 274). A most suggestive feature is presented by the caudal horn, which in the young caterpillar is stated to be _freely movable_. It is possible that this horn, which was formerly possessed by the ancestors of the _Sphingidæ_, and which is now retained in many genera, is a remnant of a flagellate organ having a similar function to the head-tentacles of the _Papilio-larvæ_, or to the caudal appendages of _Dicranura_ (see p. 289).