Besides the _Satyrinæ_, most of the larvæ of the _Pierinæ_ and _Hesperidæ_ possess longitudinal stripes, which are generally less strongly pronounced than in the former subfamily. Some of the _Pierinæ_ live on _Cruciferæ_, of which the narrow leaves and thin leaf- and flower-stalks present nothing but a linear arrangement; other species of this group, however, feed on _Leguminosæ_ (_Lathyrus_, _Lotus_, _Coronilla_, _Vicia_), and some few on broad-leaved bushes (_Rhamnus_). This last fact may appear to be opposed to the theory; but light lateral stripes, such for example, as those possessed by _Gonepteryx Rhamni_, can never be disadvantageous, and may be of use, even on large leaves, so that if we consider them as an inherited character, there is no reason for natural selection to eliminate them. In the case of caterpillars living on vetch, clover, and other _Leguminosæ_, it must not be forgotten that, although their food-plants do not present any longitudinal arrangement of parts, they always grow among grasses, the species feeding on such plants always resting between grass stems, and very frequently on the grass itself, so that they can have no better protective marking than longitudinal stripes. The striping of the _Hesperidæ_ larvæ, which partly feed on grasses but mostly on species of _Leguminosæ_, can be explained in a similar manner. It is not here my intention to go through all the groups of Lepidoptera in this manner. The instances adduced are quite sufficient to prove that longitudinal stripes occur wherever we should expect to find them, and that they really possess the biological significance which I have ascribed to them. That these markings are occasionally converted into an adaptive imitation of certain special parts of a plant, is shown by the larvæ of many moths, such for example as _Chesias Spartiata_, which lives on broom (_Spartium Scoparium_), its longitudinal stripes deceptively resembling the sharp edges of the stems of this plant.[143] 3. _Oblique striping._ Can the lilac and white oblique stripes on the sides of a large green caterpillar, such as those of _Sphinx Ligustri_; or the red and white, or white, black, and red stripes of _Smerinthus Tiliæ_ and _Sphinx Drupiferarum_ respectively, be of any possible use? Have we not here just one of those cases which clearly prove that such a character is purely morphological, and worthless for the preservation of the individual? Does not Nature occasionally sport with purposeless forms and colours; or, as it has often been poetically expressed, does she not here give play to the wealth of her phantasy?