The =pileus= is first convex, then slightly depressed in the center, becoming more expanded, and finally more or less funnel-shaped by the elevation of the margin. It is usually more or less orange in color or mottled with varying shades, and with concentric bands of a deeper color. The =gills= are yellowish orange often with darker spots. The =stem= is of the same color as the pileus but paler, sometimes with darker spots. The flesh of the plant is white, shaded with orange. In old plants the color fades out somewhat and becomes unevenly tinged with green, and bruised places become green. Peck states that when fresh the plant often has a slight acrid taste. Being a widely distributed and not uncommon plant, and one so readily recognized, it has long been known in the old world as well as here. All writers on these subjects concur in recommending it for food, some pronouncing it excellent, some the most delicious known. Its name suggests the estimation in which it was held when christened. =Lactarius chelidonium= Pk. =Edible.=--This pretty little _Lactarius_ was described by Peck in the 24th Report, N. Y. State Mus., p. 74. It is closely allied to _Lactarius deliciosus_, from which it is said to differ in its "more narrow lamellæ, differently colored milk, smaller spores." The plant is about 5 cm. high, the cap about 5 cm. broad, and the stem 1--1.5 cm. in thickness. The =pileus= is fleshy, firm, convex and depressed in the center, smooth, slightly viscid when moist, "of a grayish green color with blue and yellow tints, and a few narrow zones on the margin." The =gills= are crowded, narrow, some of them forked at the base, and sometimes joining to form reticulations. The =spores= are yellowish. The short =stem= is nearly equal, smooth, hollow, and the same color as the pileus. The taste is mild, the milk not abundant, and of a yellowish color, "resembling the juice of Celandine or the liquid secreted from the mouth of grasshoppers." Wounds on the plant are first of the color of the milk, changing on exposure to blue, and finally to green. The plant occurs during late summer and in the autumn in woods. Peck reported it first from Saratoga, N. Y. It has been found elsewhere in the State, and it has probably quite a wide distribution. I found it during September, 1899, in the Blue Ridge Mountains of N. C. Figure 1, plate 39, is from some of the water color drawings made by Mr. Franklin R. Rathbun. [Illustration: PLATE 39. FIG. 1.--Lactarius deliciosus. FIG. 2.--L. chelidonium. FIG. 3.--L. indigo. Copyright 1900.] =Lactarius indigo= (Schw.) Fr.--The indigo blue lactarius is a very striking and easily recognized plant because of the rich indigo blue color so predominant in the entire plant. It is not very abundant, but is widely distributed in North America. The plant is 5--7 cm. high, the cap 5--12 cm. broad, and the stem is 1--2 cm. in thickness. The plants occur during late summer and in the autumn.