The =pileus= is convex, sometimes slightly umbonate, then plane, and in age somewhat depressed. The cuticle peels off very easily. The color is often a bright red, or pink, sometimes purple or violet, and becomes paler in age. It is somewhat viscid when moist, and the margin is very thin and strongly striate and tuberculate, i. e., the ridges between the marginal furrows are tuberculate. The =gills= are lightly adnexed, thin, crowded, broad, all of the same length, white. The =stem= is usually white, sometimes more or less pink colored, spongy within, becoming hollow. The taste is very acrid. =Russula emetica= Fr. =Poisonous.=--This _Russula_ has a very wide distribution and occurs on the ground in woods or open places during summer and autumn. It is a beautiful species and very fragile. The plants are 5--10 cm. high, the cap 5--10 cm. broad, and the stem 1--2 cm. in thickness. The =pileus= is oval to bell-shaped when young, becoming plane, and in age depressed. It is smooth, shining, the margin furrowed and tuberculate. The color is from pink or rosy when young to dark red when older, and fading to tawny or sometimes yellowish in age. The cuticle is easily separable as in _R. fragilis_, the flesh white, but reddish just beneath the cuticle. The =gills= are nearly free, broad, not crowded, white. The stem is stout, spongy within, white or reddish, fragile when old. The plant is very acrid to the taste and is said to be poisonous, and to act as an emetic. =Russula adusta= (Pers.) Fr.--This plant occurs on the ground in woods during late summer and in autumn. It is 3--6 cm. high, the cap 5--15 cm. broad, and the stem is 1--1.5 cm. in thickness. The =pileus= is fleshy, firm, convex, depressed at the center, and when old more or less funnel-shaped from the upturning of the margin, which is at first incurved and smooth. It varies from white to gray and smoky color. The =gills= are adnate, or decurrent, thin, crowded, of unequal lengths, white, then becoming dark. The =stem= is colored like the pileus. The entire plant becomes darker in drying, sometimes almost black. It is near _Russula nigricans_, but is smaller, and does not have a red juice as _R. nigricans_ has. CANTHARELLUS Adanson. From the other white-spored agarics of a fleshy consistency _Cantharellus_ is distinguished by the form of the gills. The gills are generally forked, once or several times, in a dichotomous manner, though sometimes irregularly. They are blunt on the edge, not acute as in most of the other genera. The gills are usually narrow and in many species look like veins, folds, or wrinkles, but in some species, as in _Cantharellus aurantiacus_, they are rather thin and broad. [Illustration: FIGURE 126.--Cantharellus cibarius. Under view showing forked gills with veins connecting them. Entire plant rich chrome yellow (natural size).]