_Perugia_, contrasted with Cortona, 23-28; its historical position, 23-25; physical position, 26; walls of, _ib._, 28; Roman gateways at, 28-31; barbarous treatment of mediæval houses in, 31; the interest of its churches not only due to their paintings, 31-33 _Pius IX._, Pope, his viaduct between Albano and Aricia, 114 _Pompeii_, contrasted with Ostia, 101, 102 _Pompeius Magnus_, Cnæus, his villa and tomb at Alba, 111, 113 _Pomptine Marshes_, the, 128 _Ponte Sodo_, the, at Veii, 74 _Pontius_, Gaius, spares the Roman army in the second Samnite War, 257, 262; whether the Pontius of the triumph of Quintus Fabius, 258, 259 _Porta Saracenesca_, at Segni, 157, 159; shows the arch in its constructive form, 160-161; origin of its name uncertain, 161, 162 _Portus_, harbour of Rome transferred to, from Ostia, 102 _Procopius_, his description of Ostia, 103; of Beneventum, 267, 279 _Puff-stone_ of Gloucestershire, its likeness to the stone of Anagnia's walls, 176 _Pyrrhos_, King of Epeiros, 169, 179, 262, 272, 278, 279 Q _Quinctilius_, Aulus, his foundation of nuts to Ferentinum, 192; his monument, 193 R _Robert_, son of Godwin, his analogy to Publius Volumnius, son of Felimna, 44 _Robert Wiscard_, takes Bari, 297 _Rocca di Papa_, 119 _Roman_, use of the word, 194, 197, 202 _Roman Empire_, the, important era marked by Trajan's reign, 270, 271 _Rome_, how her local history should be studied, 67; rivalry of Veii with, 69-72; her conquest of Veii, 68, 75, 76; her origin, 70, 72, 143; Fidenæ destroyed by, 78, 85; taken by Alaric, 80; her incorporation of Antemnæ with, 92; her haven of Ostia, 96, 97, 99; contrasted with Corinth and Athens, 98, 99; her harbour removed from Ostia to Portus, 102; Alba Longa destroyed by, 110, 120; her physical and historical position, 119-122; alliance of Ferentinum with, 198, 199, 205; her arbitrary dealing with her Italian allies, 199, 200; her wars with the Samnites, 251, 252; her army spared by Gaius Pontius, 257; final struggle of the Samnites against, 259-261 _Ῥωμαῖοι_, use of the name, 109, 110 S _Saint Ambrose_, cathedral church of Ferentino dedicated to, 204 _Saint Angelo in Formis_, basilica of, near Capua, 238, 240 _et seq._; frescoes at, 247-249 _Saint Apollinaris in Classe_, basilica of, 240 _Saint Francis of Assisi_, 48, 49 _Saint Nicolas_ of Myra in Lykia, patron saint of Bari, 297, 298 _Saint Peter in Grado_, basilica of, near Pisa, 238, 239, 240; contrasted with Saint Angelo in Formis, 239; frescoes at, 247 _Salarian Gate_, the, its historical associations, 79-81 _Salona_, its relation to Spalato contrasted with that of Alba to Albano, 112