Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory InvestigationsUniversity of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
History
Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
University of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
Influenza; Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
incident of a student who spent a few hours visiting his sister in a
part of the country where there had been no influenza. He appeared well
at the time, but six hours after his return to school he developed
influenza. Two days after the contact the sister came down with the
disease. On the other hand, he told of a student who did not contract
the disease, though he slept for two nights in the same bed with his
roommate, who had returned to school with a well-developed case of
influenza. The unsuccessful attempts to transmit influenza in the
experiments of Rosenau (37), McCoy (37a) and others already cited would
indicate that the cases from whom the material was taken were no longer
infectious, although some of them had been showing symptoms for only
about 12 hours. Bloomfield observed that the general use of face masks
in the wards did not alter the course of the epidemic, and stated that
if face masks are protective, infection from early unisolated cases must
be assumed.
Provided influenza is generally transmitted during the period of
incubation, a theory which seems consistent with the facts, rigid
quarantine for epidemic influenza is impracticable and probably useless.
_Partial Isolation by Means of the Cubicle System_
The so-called cubicle system consists in the dividing of rooms, or more
particularly of wards, into small compartments by means of suspending
sheets from wires so that each bed is separated from its neighbor. Capps
(39) reported favorably on the method as used at Camp Grant, where
sheets or halves of tents were suspended from wires or from the mosquito
netting frames which were a part of the standard beds. Doctors, nurses
and attendants were forced to wear masks in the wards, and patients were
not allowed out of the cubicles without them. In discussing this paper
Thayer emphasized the value of screening, masking and the wearing of
gowns, and also recommended thorough washing of the hands between the
examination of each two patients; and Emerson called attention to the
fact that the first demonstration of the cubicle system as an adequate
means of preventing acute respiratory diseases was made at the Pasteur
Institute of Paris, where it had been in operation for 10 years. The
latter stated that the system had been used in various hospitals in
America and was essential for the care of diphtheria, measles and
scarlet fever. He further indicated that if the technique of personal
cleanliness of nurses, doctors and attendants could be perfected, it was
probable that the height of the cubicle partition could be reduced to
that of a “red string.” The method certainly seems worthy of
consideration and trial, particularly in large general hospitals and
public institutions.
_The Use of the Face Mask_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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