Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory InvestigationsUniversity of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
History
Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
University of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
Influenza; Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
Public dances should undoubtedly be prohibited during epidemics. They
not only present all the bad features of other public gatherings, but
during the dancing people are brought in very close contact and often
breathe directly into each other’s faces. In addition, air currents are
stirred up and a certain amount of dust is raised. During the exercise
the dancers breathe more rapidly and deeply, thus inhaling unusually
large amounts of dust, droplets and contaminated air. Another feature is
found in the “resistance-breaking” element of alternate overheating and
rapid cooling of the body.
_Regulation of Public Eating and Drinking Places_
Public eating places are a necessity and cannot be closed. People should
be cautioned against using them as places of amusement and of
congregation during epidemics. Boards of Health should feel it just as
much their duty to see to the sterilization of dishes and eating
utensils as they do to the enforcing of any other public health
functions, and they should also insist on the daily inspection of the
employees of such establishments. The beer saloon question may be passed
over for the present, but the soda-water fountain as conducted during
the 1918 epidemic was undoubtedly a great menace. Ice cream, syrupy
mixtures, etc., of various kinds are readily contaminated by pathogenic
organisms which may serve as secondary infectors, if in no other
capacity. The syrups, moreover, adhere to the spoons and glasses, which
are rarely thoroughly washed and are practically never sterilized
between customers. The use of paper dishes and glasses is probably a
step in the right direction, but the spoons should be thoroughly washed
and sterilized. The fact that soda-water employees are not always
selected for high-grade intelligence, and are generally left largely to
their own hygienic procedures, makes the chances of transferring
infections at these places enormous. If soda fountains are allowed to
continue business at all during the epidemics, it should be only under
the very strictest supervision by Boards of Health. The scalding of all
utensils should be enforced by law.
People generally should be cautioned to use exceptional cleanliness in
the preparation of all foods in the home. In discussing the recent
epidemic Lynch and Cummings (50) stated that “the mess-kit wash water
proved the major route of transmission from sick to well in the army.”
Vaughan said: “I am pretty certain, not convinced, that hand-to-mouth
infection is of more importance than droplet infection.”
_Regulation of Traffic_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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