Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory InvestigationsUniversity of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
History
Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
University of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
Influenza; Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
Similar treatment of corpuscles
five days subsequently gave no indication of the presence of any
methemoglobin spectroscopically.
From the serum and from the laked corpuscles of number 784 no trace
of methemoglobin was found when the blood was examined a few hours
after removal at autopsy.
_Oxygen Capacity._—The total oxygen capacity was determined by the Van
Slyke method (by Dr. Rohde and Mrs. Macklin). At this stage the more
pronounced type of influenza had subsided, but in early convalescence
the capacity was within normal ranges.
Other studies using different technique gave concordant results, but
there were indications that oxygen was more slowly absorbed than
normally.
_Oxygen Content of Venous Blood_ measured by the Van Slyke method (by
Dr. Rohde and Mrs. Macklin) on the same bloods examined for total oxygen
capacity seemed to indicate a mild deficiency as compared to normal
bloods.
_Gases, Kinds, Quantity and Rate Yielded to Vacuum._—In general it may
be said that quantitative differences observed are not considered
fundamental, but that the studies indicate abnormal slowness in oxygen
absorption.
_Gases, Quantity and Rate of Absorption on Exposure to Air After
Extraction by Pump._—The results emphasize slowness of oxygen absorption
as compared to normal blood.
The material to be examined was exhausted for three minutes in the
receiver of the Van Slyke apparatus. One c.cm. was then transferred,
with as little exposure to air as possible, to a small empty bottle,
which was then closed and placed in communication with a calibrated,
horizontal tube, containing a segment of alcohol, which served the
dual purpose of a seal and an air volume change indicator. (See Fig.
1.) The apparatus was made in duplicate and mounted on a common
base, so that simultaneous readings on different samples could be
made. After establishing the zero position of the alcohol segment,
the base on which the bottles were mounted was vigorously shaken in
a uniform manner. Ten seconds after the period of shaking, the
volume readings were taken. Successive periods of shaking and
reading were conducted at 30-second intervals, until the test was
completed. Actual volume changes were then calculated, tabulated and
plotted.
The greater confidence is placed on the results obtained by
observing the color of the blood, as described below; but since then
the method has been checked up and the results indicate that the
findings were of sufficient accuracy to warrant their inclusion in
this report.[1]
Footnote 1:
Studies along this line are being made with improved apparatus, the
results of which, together with the description of the apparatus, will
be published elsewhere. (See Am. Gr. Physiol., 1920, li, 195.)
[Illustration: FIG. 1.]
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