The findings of the bacteria in the lung sections are particularly interesting and instructive. The entire series of cases have not been completely studied, so I am unable to tabulate the findings. In cases 761 and 762 sections of the lung showed influenza-like bacilli to be almost pure in the earlier stages of the process, while in areas with purulent foci pneumococcus-like and other Gram positive cocci were also numerous. In some cases B. influenzæ-like organisms were to be seen in overwhelming numbers. In others they were scarce, while in some nothing resembling B. influenzæ could be found in the sections. Positive cultures were often independent of whether the influenza-like forms were to be seen in smears or sections or not, although they were found in the great majority of the cases. The findings in the direct smears and the bacteriological results make useful material for comparison. Swabs from the nasopharynx were cultured from 31 individuals; nearly all of these were cases suspected of diphtheria or as carrying the diphtheria bacillus, and no particular effort was made to isolate the B. influenzæ. They were seen in the mixed culture occasionally. In the last eight cases the heated blood agar, ordinary blood agar and Loeffler’s serum were seeded from the throat swabs. B. influenzæ practically overgrew all the other bacteria from seven of these cases on the heated blood agar medium and was isolated without difficulty; all eight showed M. catarrhalis. The two other media gave little or no evidence of the presence of B. influenzæ. As I have said above, our attention was concentrated on the autopsy material. These cultures from the throat were simply made to demonstrate the usefulness of the heated blood agar. TABLE II BACTERIA SEEN IN DIRECT SMEARS FROM NASOPHARYNX ════════════╤═════════╤═══════════════╤══════════════════╤═════════════════ Type of │Number of│ B. │ │ M. Disease. │Patients.│Influenzæ-Like.│Pneumococcus-Like.│Catarrhalis-Like. ────────────┼─────────┼───────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────────── Early │ 24│ 14│ 17│ 6 Serious │ 13│ 13│ 13│ 9 Convalescent│ 11│ 8│ 11│ 6 ────────────┼─────────┼───────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────────── Total │ 48│ 35│ 41│ 21 Percentage │ │ │ │ of │ │ │ │ positives │ │ 73│ 86│ 43 ────────────┴─────────┴───────────────┴──────────────────┴───────────────── _Direct Smears from Nasopharyngeal Swabs_