Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory InvestigationsUniversity of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
History
Studies on Epidemic Influenza: Comprising Clinical and Laboratory Investigations
University of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine
Influenza; Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919
The changes occurring in the _liver_ were not of striking account.
Cloudy swelling was observed 13 times, usually of moderate grade. The
usual appearances with enlargement of the organ, bulging of the
parenchyma on section and a dull gray cut surface were all that could be
found. The one case with icterus was the only one in which the natural
discharge of bile from the liver was interfered with through the
swelling. Even in this case the obstruction to the outflow of bile in
the small channels was not demonstrable in the microscopic sections, nor
was there evidence of unusual bile staining of the liver-points
suggesting the possible origin of the icterus in an unusual hemolysis.
On no occasion did we meet with recent inflammatory reactions in the
gall bladder or bile ducts, and we have no evidence that the organisms
of the infection are discharged from the body by these routes. The
cloudy swelling of the liver was accompanied by slight œdema of these
tissues in seven cases; and in six instances focal necroses were
observed. These focal necroses were similar in appearance to those seen
in typhoid fever, but were much less frequent in the tissue. Only
careful search revealed isolated pinhead gray dots with depressed
centers. They were most commonly in the mid-zone of the lobule, and in
the early stage were without inflammatory reaction. Subsequently,
leucocytes infiltrated the area, but not in an amount to form pus.
Bacteria were never demonstrated in the areas of focal necrosis. Four
cases showed old adhesions about the gall bladder and in one a gall
stone was present.
Lesions of the _pancreas_ were not encountered. In a few cases the lymph
glands about the head of the pancreas were slightly enlarged.
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