As we emphasized previously, the problem presented in the army hospital and in civilian practice is a little different. We have had some experience with both sides. Fortunately, the greater part of our work was with the Student Army Training Corps, where army conditions were more or less carried out. There was never any difficulty in getting donors. In fact, the idea of giving blood appealed to these young fellows. In civilian life it is, in our experience, a more difficult problem. The usual personnel of the public ward has always its fair percentage of positive Wassermann reactors, and the type of individual is quite different from the young soldier. For a relative or friend we could easily get a donor, but this group would cover only a small percentage of the cases one wished to treat. The technique of giving blood can be reduced to a very simple procedure, and by no means should be regarded as a difficult surgical undertaking. Combining the receiving apparatus of Ross and Hund (J. A. M. A., 72, 1919, p. 642) with the syringe method for giving the blood which we suggested in our previous article makes an ideal arrangement. The results depend upon the time of treatment. The earlier the pneumonia is recognized the better are the chances of recovery. It is our belief that the majority of influenza cases which kept a fairly high temperature for more than four days had a lung lesion, even if we could not make out definite consolidation. As the convalescent influenza serum may have value only for the influenza infection, it would, therefore, appear but logical that a late pneumonia which almost always has other organisms present would not react as favorably. We have seen very few of the deeply cyanotic type recover even with serum. The essential rule is to treat them before this stage develops. We have observed little or no change in the leucocyte count, even after successful treatment, and taking our group as a whole we are rather surprised at this result. Other observers have noticed a marked increase in the leucocytes as the case reacted favorably to the injections. We agree with McGuire and Redden that the patients with counts below 10,000, as a rule, show the best results. This possibly indicates that the influenza infection is predominating, and that the usual secondary invaders (pneumococcus and streptococcus) are at this time playing but a little part. Hence the value of early treatment is apparent. From the published results of different workers and our own experience, we feel that influenza immune serum or whole citrated blood given early in the pneumonia is of undoubted value—in fact, almost specific. If the epidemic reappears next year, unless some other better method is forthcoming, we would advise its more general use, and would suggest the collection of pooled serum as early as possible in the epidemic.