Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
The usual statement is, that the name Deucalion was common to two
different persons, one the son of Minos, and the other the king of
Thessaly. But we must be upon our guard against the device of the later
Greek writers, who at once unravelled the accumulated intricacies
that had gradually gathered about their traditions, and enlarged the
stock of material for pampering vanity, and exciting the imagination,
by multiplying the personages of the early legends. As regards the
case now before us; the tradition, which makes Hellen son of the
latter of these Deucalions, would certainly make him considerably
older than he could be if a son of Minos. It must be admitted, that
Homer repeats the name of Deucalion, for a Trojan so called is slain
by Achilles in Il. xx. 478. It has pleased the fancy of the poet
there to use the names of a number of dead heroes to distinguish the
warriors who fell like sheep under the sword of the terrible Achilles:
we find among them a Dardanus, a Tros, and a Moulius; and it is so
little Homer’s practice to use names without a peculiar meaning, that
we may conjecture he has done it, in preference to letting Achilles
slaughter a crowd of ignoble persons, in order that in every thing his
Protagonist might be distinguished from other men. But the poet seems
to take particular care to prevent any confusion as to his great Greek,
and indeed as to all his great living, personages. I am not aware of
more than one single passage in the Iliad[300], among the multitude
in which one or other of the Ajaxes is named, where there can be a
doubt which of the two is meant. It is exceedingly unlikely that if a
separate Deucalion of Thessaly had been known to Homer, he should not
have distinguished him from the Deucalion of Crete. This unlikelihood
mounts to incredibility, when we remember (1) that this other Deucalion
of Thessaly is nothing less than the asserted root of the whole
Hellenic stock, and (2) that the poet repeatedly uses the patronymic
Deucalides as an individual appellation for Idomeneus, whereas the
adverse supposition would make all the Achæans alike Δευκαλίδαι. We may
therefore safely conclude at least, that Homer knew of no Deucalion
other than the son of Minos.
_Of Rhadamanthus and the Phæacians._
We come now to Rhadamanthus, who is thrice mentioned by Homer.
Once[301], as born of the same parents with Minos[302]. Once, as
enjoying like him honours from Jupiter beyond the term of our
ordinary human life: for he is placed amidst the calm and comforts
of the Elysian plain. The third passage is remarkable. It is where
Alcinous[303] promises Ulysses conveyance to his home, even should
it be farther than Eubœa, which the Phæacian mariners consider to be
their farthest known point of distance, and whither they had conveyed
Rhadamanthus,
ἐποψόμενον Τίτυον, Γαιήιον υἱόν·
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