Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
But in Homer, though there is much that is ingenious, there is nothing
that is far-fetched: and the order he has followed might well, as to
many parts at least of Greece, have been that of his own itinerancy as
a minstrel. And, though complex in other respects, yet if it reduces
a complex physical arrangement to the form, in which it becomes
practically more manageable than in any other way for his purposes, it
is evidently the one which may best be justified on the principles of
common sense.
_Fresh proofs of historical intention._
The Greek Catalogue is also full of proofs of the historical intention
of Homer.
In the first place, such proof is afforded by the immense amount of its
details, which are _prima facie_ a load upon his verse, and which Homer
seems to have so regarded, from the care he has taken to relieve the
subject by the cluster of similes at the beginning. He must have had a
purpose in facing this disadvantage. It is quite at variance with his
own spirit, and the spirit of his age, to suppose that this purpose was
merely to flatter the vanity of hearers by wholesale fiction.
The use of supernatural machinery is agreeable to the genius of
the poet and his age, but not so the vulgar falsification of plain
terrestrial facts. If the supposition of wholesale fiction cannot be
maintained, there is no other alternative but that of an historical
purpose.
Viewed at large, the Catalogue is an answer to that normal question,
which expresses the anxiety of every Greek to make the acquaintance
of a man first of all through what are colloquially termed his
‘belongings.’
Τίς; πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; πόθι τοι πόλις; ἠδὲ τοκῆες[490];
The chief indication of departure from this purpose is in the case of
Nireus[491]. This paltry leader is almost the only person of legitimate
birth, both of whose parents are named: and while he is evidently
introduced for his beauty only, it is most suspicious that his father
should be named Χάροψ, and likewise his mother Ἀγλαΐη. This savours of
the names Δημόδοκος and Τερπιάδης, which Homer has given to his Bards
in the Odyssey. And again of his Phronius, son of Noemon, whom he
introduces to play the part of a considerate and serviceable Ithacan
citizen[492]. With the insignificant island of Syme Homer might, for
a special object, well take this liberty. And we may observe here, as
elsewhere, that what is probably a departure from literal truth, may
also be in a higher view historical: for doubtless his object is to
commemorate impressively the wonderful beauty of Nireus, and this he
does by inventing appropriate accessories.
Again, though an accurate geography would not of itself have proved
the personal parts of the narrative to be historical, it is scarcely
conceivable that he would have adopted one so minute and elaborate, as
well as exact, if he had meant to combine with it a string of merely
fictitious personalities.
_Genealogies of the Catalogue._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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