Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
He now begins in what may be called a natural order: taking first that
section of the army, which was supplied by the Troic sovereignties,
principal and subordinate; and among these giving the first place to
the troops of Ilion itself, as the most considerable, and as those
chiefly concerned. The next is given to the Dardan forces, which were
connected with the original seat of the race, and the following ones to
the contingents supplied by the subordinate sovereigns of the rest of
Troas.
His pursuit of this order reminds us, that the geographical
distribution was in the case of the Trojan list simple, and did not
require the aid of mental geometry, as he had only to follow, almost
throughout, a single line of States along the European and Asiatic
coasts. It also strengthens the presumption that, when Homer chose an
order so different, and so much less natural and obvious, in the case
of the Greeks, he must have been governed by some peculiar reason.
It will be observed that, of the eleven divisions of the Allies, the
two first are the Pelasgians and the Thracians. As the blood of these
two races flowed likewise in the veins of the Greeks, the precedence
given to them may have been founded on this relationship. But this
presumption is qualified by our finding that, doubtless on the ground
of geographical order, the Lycian contingent, which had, at any rate,
strong Greek affinities, comes last of all.
For a reason given elsewhere, we must consider the numbers assigned
to the Greek contingents as approximate representations of their
respective force: but the omission to particularize numbers at all in
the Trojan Catalogue is itself an evidence of its historical character.
The Trojan army was of a miscellaneous character: we also know that
the allied contingents went and came, and that their absence from
home, not prompted by the same powerful motives as that of the Greeks,
was shortened by reliefs. Thus we find Rhesus with his Thracians just
arrived in the Tenth Book[495]: Memnon comes to Troy after the death
of Hector[496]: and we are told of the sons of Hippotion (Il. xiii.
792), who ἦλθον ἀμοιβοί, had come as reliefs, on the preceding day. An
army thus collected piecemeal, and thus fluctuating in its composition,
could not leave behind it the same accessible traditions. Again, the
destruction of Troy itself obliterated what alone could have been their
depository; nor had Homer, as a Greek bard, either the same motives
or the same means for gathering detailed information, as he would
naturally possess with reference to his own countrymen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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