Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
Not less remarkable is the testimony of Dionysius; who, while he
praises Romulus for the severe simplicity of what he caused to be
taught and held concerning religion, and for the expulsion of immoral
fables and practices, says that he arranged for his people all that
concerned the temples of the gods, their consecrated lands, their
altars, their images, their forms, their _insignia_, their prerogatives
and their gifts to man, the sacrifices in which they delight, the
feasts and assemblies to be celebrated, and the remissions of labour
to be granted in their honour. In no other newly founded city could be
shown such a multitude of priests and ministers of the gods[523], who
were chosen, too, from the most distinguished families[524].
The Fasti of Ovid give an idea of the manner in which the Roman
Calendar brought the ceremonial of religion to bear upon the course
of life. For some centuries an acquaintance with the Calendar was the
exclusive property of the sacred order[525]; and the priesthood turned
to its own power and profit the knowledge, which afterwards filled the
pages of that characteristic work.
Again, we shall have occasion, when considering the distinctive
character of Troy, to notice that the political and ritual forms of
religion appear to have been much more advanced there, than with the
Greeks. This difference will naturally connect itself with the stronger
Pelasgian infusion in the former case. We shall then find that of the
two great kinds of sacred office, one only, that of the μάντις, and not
that of the priest, seems at the time of Homer to have appertained to
the Hellenic races.
And it is not a little curious to observe that, when Saint Paul
arrives among the Athenians, the point which he selects for notice
in their character and usages, after all the intermixtures they had
undergone, is still this, that they are δεισιδαιμονέστεροι[526],
peculiarly disposed to religious observances; and that, not contented
with the gods whom they suppose themselves to know, they have likewise
a supernumerary altar for ‘the Unknown God.’ Nor are we the less
warranted to connect this peculiarity with the original and long
preserved Pelasgian character of Athens, because that city had, for
centuries before, become a peculiarly apt representative of the full
Greek compound: for a system of ritual observance has a fixity,
which does not belong to mere opinion; and, when once rooted in a
country, has powerful tendencies to assume such a solidity as survives
vicissitude: perhaps in some degree on account of its neutral and
pacific character, and of the power it leaves to men of separating
between outward observance and inward act.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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