Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
The adventurous tone and tenour of the Odyssey, and its wide range over
the world, and over the sea, are as little in keeping with what we can
see of Pelasgic habits in the heroic age. Above all, that largeness and
unimpaired universality of type, which belongs to human character as
drawn by Homer, and especially to Achilles and Ulysses, demonstrate (I
cannot use a weaker word) that all the materials of Grecian greatness
were in his time fully ripened.
_Pelasgian sense of beauty._
At the same time it is not necessary to deny, that the Pelasgians
may have been endowed with a high sense of beauty. Not that Homer
appears to have had a vivid conception of beauty in connection with
architecture, their great reputed accomplishment; for he seems, on the
contrary, to have had little idea of ornament in buildings, beyond
the blaze of plates of polished metal: far different here from what
he shows himself to be in dealing with dress, or armour, or the forms
of men and horses. But we have before us the fact that through Athens
itself preeminently, and likewise through its colonies to the east, the
Greek race earned in after-times the very highest honours in poetry
and the fine arts. On the one hand, however, a large share of these
honours, especially in early times, fell to the share of the race
called Æolian, which was clearly Hellic, and a principal part of the
Hellic family. On the other hand, Arcadia, which remained more purely
Pelasgian, while Athens received all sorts of mixtures, never attained
to high distinction in art, nor rose above a modest and tranquil strain
of verse. The great tragedians and the great artists were of a race
the most composite in all Greece. The natural inference would seem to
be, that whatever the Pelasgians may have contributed to the general
result, however they may have afforded for poetry and art (as also they
did for war) a good raw material, it was only when in combination with
other elements from other sources, that they could attain to great
practical excellence. A lively sense of beauty is, doubtless, not only
a condition, but even a foundation: yet a great organising power is as
necessary for the production of the great works of imagination, as
it was to Lycurgus for the Spartan constitution, or to Aristotle for
philosophical analysis and construction; and this was the commanding
and sovereign faculty in a mind such as that of Homer.
The connection between the Homeric Greeks and the traditions of
huntsmen is, I think, sufficiently evident from Homer. His hunting
legends, and the multitude of his hunting similes, are so many signs of
it; and many indications, I think, concur towards forming a belief that
the Greeks owed their fondness for the chace to their Hellic, not to
their Pelasgic habits and blood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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