Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek RacesGladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
History
Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. 1 of 3: I. Prolegomena II. Achæis; or, the Ethnology of the Greek Races
Gladstone, W. E. (William Ewart)
Civilization, Homeric; Epic poetry, Greek -- History and criticism; Homer
For a passage in the Eleventh Odyssey informs us that Amphion, son
of Iasus[656], was a powerful prince in Minyeian Orchomenus: that
his youngest daughter, the beautiful Chloris, was queen of Pylos: and
that Neleus, marrying her, founded there the dynasty of the Neleids.
Thus through Pylos we connect a powerful Iasid family with Western
Peloponnesus, possibly five generations before the Trojan war, and at a
time when we find from Homer that the Danaids or Perseus must have been
reigning in Eastern Peloponnesus. This seems enough to justify putting
the sense of Western Peloponnesus upon the phrase Ἴασον Ἄργος in the
speech of Eurymachus.
We may justly inquire whether it is so certain, as seems to be taken
for granted, that the Minyeian Orchomenus, where Amphion reigned, was
the Orchomenus of Bœotia. For his daughter Chloris was sovereign of
Pylos, and we must suppose that sovereignty to have been not acquired
by herself, but inherited from her father. Now it is very improbable
that Amphion could have been sovereign at the same time of Pylos and
of the northern Orchomenos: between which intervened an Æolid family
settled at the Isthmus, another race of Hellenic chiefs, the line
of Portheus, in Ætolia, and perhaps also the dynasty of Cadmus in
Bœotia. We have no instance in Homer of the possession by the same
prince of territories not continuous. Now there was there a river
Minyeius, between Pylos and Elis; in Arcadia as well as in Bœotia there
was an Orchomenos at the period of Homer; it seems then probable,
that the name of that town should be combined with the Minyeian name
in Peloponnesus as well as in Bœotia. If it were so, the political
connection with Pylos is natural, and the application of the Iasian
name to Western Peloponnesus becomes still more easy of explication.
But even though the Orchomenos here named be Bœotian, the case remains
sufficiently clear. For it was once, or formerly (τότε) that Amphion
reigned in Orchomenus; and the meaning may well be, that having in
earlier life reigned there, he had afterwards accompanied the southward
movement of the time, perhaps being expelled from his fat soil; and
that he established, or re-established the connection between Western
Peloponnesus and the Iasian name.
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