But the ability of England to reply with some other equally good engine and protect herself as she has always done oppresses the writer’s mind. “On the other hand, if England with any chance of success is able to oppose with the torpedo destroyer or some other force of an equalising nature, she will render all this impossible to the submarine. There will be some other means of defence against these redoubtable engines, though the solution does not appear to be near. England will find her best means of protection to attack the coasts of the enemy.... Anyway, she has five submarines on the stocks, and it is believed that these will be followed shortly by others.... The English have kept it a great secret. They have allowed a time of serious observation and attention to pass not with indifference before entering on the path opened by other nations.” The writer takes consolation from the reflection that, although when England does begin it is easy for her to put three armed cruisers where France can only put one, yet the start in submarines which France has will revolutionise the conditions of naval war, and, he hopes, is such that she need not fear what England can do for a long time to come. “Doubtless,” he says, “more than a year will pass before the _Holland_ or vessels of that class, however perfect they may be, can really be placed on service.” Then follows an enumeration of France’s fleet of submarines:— “We possess already four submarines in service actually employed on the same work as torpedo boats—the _Gymnote_, the _Gustave Zédé_, the _Morse_, and the _Narval_. The _Française_ and the _Korrigan_ will follow the _Gnome_ and the _Lutin_ at Rochefort. At Cherbourg four are now on the stocks—the _Silure_, _Triton_, _Sirène_, and _Escapadon_. During this year twenty-three more will be placed on the stocks, which will make altogether thirty-seven submarines.” These will make a most formidable fleet, sporting like porpoises round the English warships in the Channel and along her shores, and holding them at the mercy of France. “The fact that England should launch into their construction shows that they are more menacing to her than to us,” adds the writer complacently. But France is not to sit down quietly:— “But since we have made a very real advance in that which concerns the submarine, let us work without ceasing to preserve this superiority. Our engineers, who have succeeded so brilliantly, will be able to work for themselves new improvements while profiting by the experience already acquired.” __PART I.__ FRENCH SUBMARINES PROPER, _i.e._ THOSE DEPENDENT ENTIRELY ON ELECTRICITY FOR MOTIVE POWER. _Gymnote._