19. Without these two things (it is a mere comparative question as to loss of time and absence of thorough cleanliness, whether the water is brought from a pump in the court, or a stream some hundred yards off, above or below), and many, if not most, Army Hospitals abroad, must always remain without these two things, I consider that one Orderly to every seven patients will not be too much; while it is certain that, other things being equal, the ward with the appliances and the three Orderlies will be better served than the ward without the appliances and with the four Orderlies. Where there is no Nurse, one Orderly for 7 patients will always be advisable. In these memoranda as to Orderlies’ work, &c., no notice whatever has been taken of the possible abolition of scrubbing, because it does not do to count unhatched chickens. If, however, that formidable weekly business could be got rid of, as well as the bi-weekly or daily washings of bed-head-floors, &c. the labour of the Orderlies would be, without underrating that required for keeping oiled floors cleaned, very materially lightened. _Night-duty of Orderlies._ 20. Convalescent wards, which will be of great use in many ways, will be of use here. With them Nurses will have nothing to do. It is possible enough that, in course of time, the Medical Officers will desire to have Nurses there, and that it may be useful to place there elderly, still efficient Nurses; but let this come or not as it will, and let us keep quite clear of them, at all events, till the Nursing-service be tried and established in Army Hospitals. In these wards, night-duty will probably be quite unnecessary, though in that case either an Orderly or Assistant Ward-Master ought to sleep at hand; and night-duty is a service which must be spared wherever it can be spared, and rendered as efficient as possible wherever it is really wanted. I have before submitted that in Paris, Vienna and Berlin, the average of severe cases in Army Hospitals, in time of peace, is very considerably lower than in Civil Hospitals. This quite as much applies to English Army Hospitals. Whether the ordinary wards would require night-duty I do not know. If they often did, I should prefer having a regular night-duty in them. If they seldom required it, I would not have it. 21. In Civil Hospitals, served by women, I should undoubtedly prefer assigning the night-duty to one Assistant Nurse. 22. But Orderlies are in sundry respects different, and, upon the whole, I recommend not to have night Orderlies, but to let each Orderly in turn do the night-duty.