At the furthest end of the ward should be a water-closet, with not less than one soil-pan to each eight beds: and white earthen or porcelain urinals in the same proportion. In the London Civil Hospitals water-closets are now in general use throughout the wards, but not in all of the great Hospitals. In all the Civil Hospitals, it is usual that the patients’ water-closets have no inside bolt or lock, and that there is only accommodation for one inside. In some London Civil Hospitals the male patients, able to take exercise, are expected to make use of urinals out of doors. These matters one, two, or three experienced army surgeons had better pronounce upon; other things are to be considered than the recommendations of architect, plumber, or even sanitarian. [Sidenote: Sink.] There is in a Berlin Hospital a very useful piece of prosaic apparatus--adjoining the water-closet, a sink, with a high, large, deep, round, pierced basin of stone, above a _large_ hole, into which the contents of a bed-pan can be at once emptied, and from which the bed-pan is at once effectually cleansed. Adjoining this is a sink into which all other slops are emptied. In mentioning this pierced basin or sink solely for emptying and cleansing bed-pans, &c., which is used at the Bethanien Hospital at Berlin, and is far better than emptying the said vessels into the often-occupied water-closet, and then cleansing them in an awkward fashion between the water-closet and the sink, it is necessary to add that the cock ought to extend far enough over the sink for the bed-pan, &c., to be thoroughly cleansed by a stream of water falling directly into it. The Nurse stands at the sink, empties the pail, &c., in it, without fear of splashing, and rinses and fills it, without stirring from the place. Now this absence of splashing water and of moving about from sink to pump, or cock, saves mess and time. The oblong sink, usual in England, has by no means the same advantages. (The partition containing the sink would be an appropriate receptacle for the bed-pans to hang by hooks or nails on the wall pending their use.) [Sidenote: Baths.] In Civil Hospitals, two baths, in an airy closet at the end of the ward, to be locked at all times when not in actual use, are a very great advantage. Bringing a bath into a ward, which in many urgent cases must be done when the baths are distant, is a messing discomfort. Still it had better be left to surgeons to say whether, in Military Hospitals, it would not be preferable to have, in each ward, only a portable bath, on wheels, covered with india-rubber, to be brought into the ward for any urgent case; and to take all the men able to walk, or safely to be carried, to the Hospital baths. Of these, some trustworthy, or intended and supposed to be trustworthy, man, who ought to rank as a non-commissioned officer, should have charge. An intelligent and respectable-looking man, a serjeant, has charge of the baths in the Garrison Hospital at Vienna.