Or, in the words of VIII. §2, 無舍 “do not encamp.” 14. 圍地則謀死地則戰 On hemmed-in ground, resort to stratagem. Ts‘ao Kung says: 發奇謀 “Try the effect of some unusual artifice;” and Tu Yu amplifies this by saying: 居此則當權謀詐譎可以免難 “In such a position, some scheme must be devised which will suit the circumstances, and if we can succeed in deluding the enemy, the peril may be escaped.” This is exactly what happened on the famous occasion when Hannibal was hemmed in among the mountains on the road to Casilinum, and to all appearances entrapped by the Dictator Fabius. The stratagem which Hannibal devised to baffle his foes was remarkably like that which T‘ien Tan had also employed with success exactly 62 years before. [See IX. § 24, note.] When night came on, bundles of twigs were fastened to the horns of some 2000 oxen and set on fire, the terrified animals being then quickly driven along the mountain side towards the passes which were beset by the enemy. The strange spectacle of these rapidly moving lights so alarmed and discomfited the Romans that they withdrew from their position, and Hannibal’s army passed safely through the defile. [See Polybius, III. 93, 94; Livy, XXII. 16, 17.] On desperate ground, fight. For, as Chia Lin remarks: 力戰或生守隅則死 “if you fight with all your might, there is a chance of life; whereas death is certain if you cling to your corner.” 15. 所謂古之善用兵者能使敵人前後不相及衆寡不相恃貴賤不相救上下不相扶 Those who were called skilful leaders of old 所謂 is omitted in the _T‘u Shu_ text. knew how to drive a wedge between the enemy’s front and rear; More literally, “cause the front and rear to lose touch with each other.” to prevent co-operation between his large and small divisions; to hinder the good troops from rescuing the bad, I doubt if 貴賤 can mean “officers and men,” as Capt. Calthrop translates. This is wanted for 上下. the officers from rallying their men. The reading 扶, derived from the _Yü Lan_, must be considered very doubtful. The original text has 救, and the _T‘u Shu_ 收. 16. 卒離而不集兵合而不齊 When the enemy’s men were scattered, they prevented them from concentrating; Capt. Calthrop translates 卒離 “they scattered the enemy,” which cannot be right. even when their forces were united, they managed to keep them in disorder. Mei Yao-ch‘ên’s note makes the sense plain: 或已離而不能合或雖合而 不能齊. All these clauses, of course, down to 不齊, are dependent on 使 in § 15. 17. 合於利而動不合於利而止 When it was to their advantage, they made a forward move; when otherwise, they stopped still. Mei Yao-ch‘ên connects this with the foregoing: 然能使敵若此當須有利則 動無利則止 “Having succeeded in thus dislocating the enemy, they would push forward in order to secure any advantage to be gained; if there was no advantage to be gained, they would remain where they were.” 18. 敢問敵衆整而將來待之若何曰先奪其所愛則聽矣 If asked how to cope with a great host of the enemy in orderly array and on the point of marching to the attack,