[24] 司馬法 ch. 1 (仁本) _ad init._ The text of the passage in the 圖書 _T‘u Shu_ (戎政典, ch. 85) is: 是故殺人安人殺之可也. [25] The son and successor of Ho Lu. He was finally defeated and overthrown by 勾踐 Kou Chien, King of Yüeh, in 473 B.C. See _post_. [26] King Yen of 徐 Hsü, a fabulous being, of whom Sun Hsing-yen says in his preface: 仁而敗 “His humanity brought him to destruction.” See _Shih Chi_ ch. 5, f. 1 _v_^o and M. Chavannes’ note, _Mémoires Historiques_, tom. II, p. 8. [27] _T‘u Shu_, _ibid._ ch. 90: 操聞上古有弧矢之利論語曰足兵尙書八政曰師易曰師 貞丈人吉詩曰王赫斯怒爰征其旅黃帝 湯武咸用干戚以濟世也司馬法曰人故殺人殺之可也恃武 者滅恃文者亡夫差偃王是也聖人之用兵戢而時動不得已而用之. [28] The passage I have put in brackets is omitted in the _T‘u Shu_, and may be an interpolation. It was known, however, to 張守節 Chang Shou-chieh of the T‘ang dynasty, and appears in the _T‘ai P‘ing Yü Lan_. [29] Ts‘ao Kung seems to be thinking of the first part of chap. II, perhaps especially of § 8. [30] 吾觀兵書戰策多矣孫武所著深矣孫子者齊人也名武爲吳王闔閭作兵法一十三篇試之 婦人卒以爲將西破强楚入郢北威齊晉後百歲餘有孫臏是武之後也審計重舉明畫深圖不可相誣 而但世人未之深亮訓說況文煩富行於世者失其旨要故撰爲略解焉. [31] 漢書藝文志，兵權謀. [32] The 宋藝文志 mentions two editions of Sun Tzŭ in 3 _chüan_, namely 孫武孫子 and 朱服校定孫子. [33] See chap. XI. [34] 吳王召孫子問以兵法每陳一篇王不知口之稱善. [35] 按此皆釋九地篇義辭意甚詳故其篇帙不能不多也. [36] Such as the 八陣圖, quoted in 鄭玄 Chêng Hsüan’s commentary on the _Chou Li_, the 戰鬭大甲兵法 and 兵法雜占, mentioned in the 隋志 _Sui Chih_, and the 三十二壘經, in the _Hsin T‘ang Chih_. [37] On the other hand, it is noteworthy that 吳子 _Wu Tzŭ_, which is now in 6 chapters, has 48 assigned to it in the _Han Chih_. Likewise, the 中庸 _Chung Yung_ is credited with 49 chapters, though now in one only. In the case of such very short works, one is tempted to think that 篇 might simply mean “leaves.” [38] See _T‘u Shu_, 經籍典, ch. 442, 彚考 2. [39] An extract will be found on p. xlv. [40] 武所著書凡數十萬言曹魏武帝削其繁剩筆其精切凡十三篇成爲一編. [41] 其所爲注解十不釋一此蓋非曹不能盡注解也. [42] 予尋魏志見曹自作兵書十餘萬言諸將征戰皆以新書從事從令者克捷違教者負敗意曹自於 新書中馳驟其說自成一家事業不欲隨孫武後盡解其書不然者曹其不能耶今新書已亡不可復知. [43] 魏氏瑣連孫武之法. [44] See 孫子兵法序. [45] 謙言解其觕略. [46] Ch. 99, fol. 5 _r_^o. [47] 然史記稱十三篇在漢志之前不得以後來附益者爲本書牧之言固未可以爲據也. [48] _Shih Chi_, ch. 65 _ad fin:_ 世俗所稱師旅皆道孫子十三篇吳起兵法世多有故弗論. [49] 葉適 Yeh Shih of the Sung dynasty [1151–1223]. See 文獻通考, ch. 221, ff. 7, 8. [50] See _Tso Chuan_ 隱公, I. 3 _ad fin._ and XI. 3 _ad init._ He hardly deserves to be bracketed with assassins. [51] See pp. 66, 128. [52] See _Tso Chuan_, 僖公, XXX. 5. [53] See p. 128. Chuan Chu is the abbreviated form of his name. [54] _I.e._ Po P‘ei. See _ante_. [55] 遷載孫武齊人而用於吳在闔閭時破楚入郢爲大將按左氏無孫武他書所有左氏不必 盡有然穎考叔曹劌燭之武鱄設諸之流微賤暴用事左氏未嘗遺而武功名章灼如此乃更闕又 同時伍員宰嚭一一銓次乃獨不及武邪. [56] The nucleus of this work is probably genuine, though large additions have been made by later hands. Kuan Chung died in 645 B.C. [57] See _Infra_, p. 1. [58] I do not know what work this is, unless it be the last chapter of the 國語. Why that chapter should be singled out, however, is not clear. [59] About 480 B.C. [60] 詳味孫子與管子六韜越語相出入春秋末戰國初山林處士所爲其言得用於吳者其徒 夸大之說也. [61] That is, I suppose, the age of Wu Wang and Chou Kung. [62] In the 3rd century B.C.