and one night, and arrived on the scene of action with such astonishing rapidity that he was able to occupy a commanding position on the 北山 “North hill” before the enemy had got wind of his movements. A crushing defeat followed for the Ch‘in forces, who were obliged to raise the siege of O-yü in all haste and retreat across the border. [See 史記, chap. 81.] 5. 故軍爭爲利衆爭爲危 Manœuvring with an army is advantageous; with an undisciplined multitude, most dangerous. I here adopt the reading of the T‘ung Tien, Chêng Yu-hsien and the _T‘u Shu_, where 衆 appears to supply the exact _nuance_ required in order to make sense. The standard text, on the other hand, in which 軍 is repeated, seems somewhat pointless. The commentators take it to mean that manœuvres may be profitable, or they may be dangerous: it all depends on the ability of the general. Capt. Calthrop translates 衆爭 “the wrangles of a multitude”! 6. 舉軍而爭利則不及委軍而爭利則輜重捐 If you set a fully equipped army in march in order to snatch an advantage, the chances are that you will be too late. The original text has 故 instead of 舉; but a verb is needed to balance 委. On the other hand, to detach a flying column for the purpose involves the sacrifice of its baggage and stores. 委軍 is evidently unintelligible to the Chinese commentators, who paraphrase the sentence as though it began with 棄輜. Absolute tautology in the apodosis can then only be avoided by drawing an impossibly fine distinction between 棄 and 捐. I submit my own rendering without much enthusiasm, being convinced that there is some deep-seated corruption in the text. On the whole, it is clear that Sun Tzŭ does not approve of a lengthy march being undertaken without supplies. Cf. _infra_, § 11. 7. 是故卷甲而趨日夜不處倍道兼行百里而爭利則擒三將軍 Thus, if you order your men to roll up their buff-coats, 卷甲 does not mean “to discard one’s armour,” as Capt. Calthrop translates, but implies on the contrary that it is to be carried with you. Chang Yü says: 猶悉甲也 “This means, in full panoply.” and make forced marches without halting day or night, covering double the usual distance at a stretch, The ordinary day’s march, according to Tu Mu, was 30 _li_; but on one occasion, when pursuing 劉備 Liu Pei, Ts‘ao Ts‘ao is said to have covered the incredible distance of 300 _li_ within twenty-four hours. doing a hundred _li_ in order to wrest an advantage, the leaders of all your three divisions will fall into the hands of the enemy. 8. 勁者先罷者後其法十一而至 The stronger men will be in front, the jaded ones will fall behind, and on this plan only one-tenth of your army will reach its destination.