tails acted as torches, showing up the hideous pattern on their bodies, and the weapons on their horns killed or wounded any with whom they came into contact. In the meantime, the band of 5000 had crept up with gags in their mouths, and now threw themselves on the enemy. At the same moment a frightful din arose in the city itself, all those that remained behind making as much noise as possible by banging drums and hammering on bronze vessels, until heaven and earth were convulsed by the uproar. Terror-stricken, the Yen army fled in disorder, hotly pursued by the men of Ch‘i, who succeeded in slaying their general Ch‘i Chieh.... The result of the battle was the ultimate recovery of some seventy cities which had belonged to the Ch‘i State.” Violent language and driving forward as if to the attack are signs that he will retreat. I follow the original text here, also adopted by the _T‘u Shu_. The standard text reads 辭詭而强進驅者退也 on the strength of Ts‘ao Kung’s commentary 詭詐也, which shows that his text included the word 詭. Strong as this ground is, I do not think it can counterbalance the obvious superiority of the other reading in point of sense. 詭 not only provides no antithesis to 卑, but makes the whole passage absurd; for if the language of the enemy is calculated to deceive, it cannot be known as deceitful at the time, and can therefore afford no “sign.” Moreover, the extra word in 强進驅者 (an awkward locution, by the way) spoils the parallelism with 益備者. 25. 輕車先出居其側者陳也 When the light chariots The same, according to Tu Yu, as the 馳車 of II. § 1. come out first and take up a position on the wings, it is a sign that the enemy is forming for battle. The _T‘ung Tien_ omits 出. 26. 無約而請和者謀也 Peace proposals unaccompanied by a sworn covenant indicate a plot. Tu Yu defines 約 as 要約, and Li Ch‘üan as 質盟之約 “a treaty confirmed by oaths and hostages.” Wang Hsi and Chang Yü, on the other hand, simply say 無故 “without reason,” “on a frivolous pretext,” as though 約 bore the rather unusual sense of “important.” Capt. Calthrop has “without consultation,” which is too loose. 27. 奔走而陳兵者期也 When there is much running about Every man hastening to his proper place under his own regimental banner. and the soldiers fall into rank, I follow the _T‘u Shu_ in omitting 車 after 兵. Tu Mu quotes the _Chou Li_, ch. xxix. fol. 31: 車驟徒趨及表乃止. it means that the critical moment has come. What Chia Lin calls 晷刻之期, as opposed to 尋常之期. 28. 半進半退者誘也 When some are seen advancing and some retreating, it is a lure. Capt. Calthrop is hardly right in translating: “An advance, followed by sudden retirement.” It is rather a case of feigned confusion. As Tu Mu says: 僞爲雜亂不整之狀. 29. 倚仗而立者飢也 When the soldiers stand leaning on their spears, they are faint from want of food.