Now with regard to the similitude of a rock we need scarcely say that the Old Testament teems with it; and we need not point to the parable of the house built upon a rock in the first Gospel.(3) A more apt illustration is the famous saying with regard to Peter: "And upon this rock [------] I will build my Church," upon which {256} indeed the whole similitude of Hermas turns; and in 1 Cor. x. 4, we read: "For they drank of the Spiritual Rock accompanying them; but the Rock was Christ" [------]. There is no such similitude in the fourth Gospel at all. We then have the "gate," on which we presume Canon Westcott chiefly relies. The parable in John x. 1--9 is quite different from that of Hermas,(1) and there is a persistent use of different terminology. The door into the sheepfold is always [------], the gate in the rock always [------]. "I am the door,"(2) [------] is twice repeated in the fourth Gospel. "The gate is the Son of God" [------] is the declaration of Hermas. On the other hand, there are numerous passages, elsewhere, analogous to that in the Pastor of Hermas. Every one will remember the injunction in the Sermon on the Mount: Matth. vii. 13, 14. "Enter in through the strait gate [------], for wide is the gate [------], &c., 14. Because narrow is the gate [------] and straitened is the way which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it."(3) The limitation to the one way of entrance into the kingdom of God: "by the name of his Son," is also found everywhere throughout the Epistles, and likewise in the Acts of the Apostles; as for instance: Acts iv. 12, "And there is no salvation in any other: for neither is there any other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved." The reasons given why the rock is old and the gate new [------] have anything but special analogy with 3 Compare the account of the new Jerusalem, Rev. xxi. 12 ff.; cf. xxii. 4, 14. In Simil. ix. 13, it is insisted that, to enter into the kingdom, not only "his name" must be borne, but that we must put on certain clothing. {257}