Superstition and Force: Essays on the Wager of Law, the Wager of Battle, the Ordeal, TortureLea, Henry Charles
History
Superstition and Force: Essays on the Wager of Law, the Wager of Battle, the Ordeal, Torture
Lea, Henry Charles
Ordeal; Torture; Wager of battle; Wager of law
In Germany the custom was not uniform. In the Sachsenspiegel, and
in one text of the Schwabenspiegel, the principle is laid down that
a defeated appellant escaped with a fine to the judge and to his
adversary, while the defendant, if vanquished, was visited with the
punishment due to his crime, or even with a heavier penalty;[544] while
the Saxon burgher law and another text of the Suabian code direct
that whichever party be defeated should lose a hand, or be executed,
according to the gravity of the crime alleged.[545] An exceptional
case, moreover, was provided for, in which both antagonists might
suffer the penalty; thus, when a convicted thief accused a receiver
of stolen goods of having suggested the crime, the latter was bound
to defend himself by the duel, and if defeated, both combatants were
hanged without further ceremony.[546] That these penalties were not
merely nominal is shown by a case which occurred at Frankfort in 1369,
when the divine interference was requisite, not to determine the
victor, but to evade the enforcement of the law. Two knights, Zierkin
von Vola and Adolf Hanche, who had married two sisters, quarrelled over
the inheritance of a deceased brother-in-law, and agreed to settle
their difference by the duel. When the appointed day came, October 12,
they entered the lists on their chargers, prepared to do battle to the
death, while their pious wives were earnestly praying God to soften
their hearts and incline them to peace. These prayers were heard. With
a mutual impulse the two warriors leaped from their horses, throwing
themselves into each other’s arms and exclaiming, “Brother, I confess
myself vanquished.” The chief magistrate of the city, who presided
over the combat, was not disposed to deprive the spectators of their
promised entertainment, and indignantly declared that the law of the
duel did not permit both antagonists to depart unhurt, for the one
who yielded must be put to death; and he confirmed this sentence by
a solemn oath that one or the other should die before he would taste
food. Then an affecting contest arose between the late antagonists,
each one proclaiming himself the vanquished and demanding the penalty
on his own head, when suddenly divine vengeance visited the bloody and
remorseless judge, who fell dead, thus fulfilling his impious vow that
he would not eat until he had a victim.[547]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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