Supplement to the catalogue of seals and whales in the British MuseumGray, John Edward
Science
Supplement to the catalogue of seals and whales in the British Museum
Gray, John Edward
Seals (Animals); Whales
Delphinus orca, _Cuv._ _Oss. Foss._ v. tab. 22. fig. 4 (skull).
The skull very similar to that of the Cape species, but much smaller;
but the beak is rather narrower, the intermaxillaries moderately broad,
slightly dilated in front.
Inhab. North Sea.
An adult skull from the coast of Essex (361 _a_), and another without the
lower jaw, are in the British Museum.
These skulls of the smaller British, or, rather, European _Orca_ are
distinguishable from those of _O. gladiator_ by the smaller size and
the broader, rounder nose—and from the skulls of the Cape-of-Good-Hope
species by being of a much smaller species, and having a depressed crown
of the head.
I believe the skull figured under the name of _Delphinus orca_ by Cuvier,
Oss. Foss. vol. v. tab. 22. figs. 3, 4, represents this species, from the
form of the beak and the narrowness of the occiput: this figure has been
copied by various British and other authors.
1. Orca gladiator, var. arcticus (O. Eschrichtii), _Gervais_,
_Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 47. fig. 3.
Inhab. Faroe Islands.
2. Orca gladiator, var. europæus, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t.
47. f. 4.
Orca gladiator, _Gervais_, _l. c._ t. 48. f. 1.
Inhab. the Atlantic.
Skull about 40 inches long.
3. Orca gladiator, var. europæus, _Van Beneden & Gervais_,
_Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 47. f. 5.
Delphinus orca, _Gervais_, _Zool. et Paléont. Française_, t.
37. f. 3, 4.
Inhab. Mediterranean, Cette.
Skull about 22 inches long. It is about the same size as the _Orca_ from
Algoa Bay; but the brain-cavity is rather broader and the beak is not so
acute in front.
Gervais, in the ‘Zoology and Paleontology of France,’ figures the skull
of a young _Delphinus orca_, taken on the coast of Cette, which is now
in the Museum of Paris. It appears to belong to this species; or it
may be that the _Orca_ of the Mediterranean does not grow to the usual
size; or, again, it may be of a different species; for the skull is only
fifty-eight centimetres long and thirty broad.
5. Orca magellanica.
Orca magellanica, _Burmeister_, _Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist._ ser.
3. xviii. p. 101, t. 9. f. 5; _An. Mus. Publ. de Buenos Ayres_,
i. p. 373, tab. 22; _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 8; _P.
Z. S._ 1870, p. 76.
Inhab. Patagonia. Mus. Buenos Ayres.
This species, according to the figure, is very like _Orca latirostris_.
6. Orca tasmanica.
Orca gladiator, var. australis, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t.
47. fig. 1.
Inhab. Tasmania. Skull about 32 inches long.
7. Orca rectipinna.
Orca rectipinna, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad._ 1869,
p. 12.
No white spot behind eye.
Inhab. California.
8. Orca atra.
Orca ater, _Cope_, _l. c._ 1869, p. 12.
Black above and below, with white spot behind eye.
Inhab. Oregon, Aleutian Islands.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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