[FN#21] Ghaushah, a Persianism for which "Ghaughá" is a more common form. "Ghaush" is a tree of hard wood whereof musical instruments were made; hence the mod. words "Ghásha" and "Ghawwasha" = he produced a sound, and "Ghaushah" = tumult, quarrel. According to Dr. Steingass, the synon. in the native dicts. are "Khisám," "Laghat," "Jalabah," etc. [FN#22] Said ironicè, the jeweller being held to be one of the dishonest classes, like the washerman, the water-carrier, the gardener, etc. In England we may find his representative in the "silversmith," who will ask a pound sterling for a bit of metal which cost him perhaps five shillings or even less, and who hates to be bought by weight. The Arab. has "Jauhar-ji," a Turkish form for Jauhari; and here "jauhar" apparently means a pearl, the stone once peculiar to royalty in Persia, but the kind of gem is left undetermined. [FN#23] Arab. "Sáza, yasízu," not a dictionary word. Perhaps it is a clerical error for "Sasa," he groomed or broke in a horse, hence understood all about horses. [FN#24] In the orig. "Shorbah," Pers. = a mess of pottage: I have altered it for reasons which will presently appear. [FN#25] Arab. "Ghabasah," from Ghabas=obscure, dust-coloured. [FN#26] Arab. "Súsah" = a weevil, a moth, a worm. It does not mean simply a flaw, but a live animal (like our toads in the rock); and in the popular version of the tale the lapidary discovers its presence by the stone warming in his hand. [FN#27] Arab. "Mashá'íli" the cresset-bearer who acted hangman: see vol. i. 259, etc. [FN#28] Arab. "Ta'kíl," tying up a camel's foreleg above the knee; the primary meaning of 'Akl, which has so many secondary significations. [FN#29] Arab. "Suwán," lit. = rock, syenite, hard stone, flint; here a marteau de guerre. [FN#30] Arab. "Hálik" = intensely black, so as to look blue under a certain angle of light. [FN#31] Arab. "Rikáb" (= stirrup) + "dár" Pers. (= holder). [FN#32] I have ransacked dictionaries and vocabularies but the word is a mere blank. [FN#33] Arab. "Jámúsah." These mules are believed in by the Arabs. Shaw and other travellers mention the Mauritanian "Jumart," the breed between a bull and a mare (or jennyass) or an ass and a cow. Buffon disbelieved in the mongrel, holding it to be a mere bardeau, got by a stallion horse out of an ass. Voltaire writes "Jumarre" after German fashion and Littré derives it from jument + art (finale péjorative), or the Languedoc "Gimere" which according to Diez suggests "Chimæra." Even in London not many years ago a mule was exhibited as the issue of a horse and a stag. No Indian ever allows his colt to drink buffalo's milk, the idea being that a horse so fed will lie down in instead of fording or swimming a stream. [FN#34] See Sindbad the Seaman, vol. vi. 9. [FN#35] Arab. "Mubattat" from batt = a duck: in Persia the Batt-i-May is a wine-glass shaped like the duck. Scott (vi. 12) translates "thick and longish."