clitoris, and as I have noted elsewhere extirpate the ovary for Malthusian purposes (Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. viii. of 1884). Footnote 181: Arab. “Kayrawán” which is still the common name for curlew; the peewit and plover being called (onomatopoetically) “Bíbat” and in Marocco Yahúdi, certain impious Jews having been turned into the Vanellus Cristatus which still wears the black skull-cap of the Hebrews. Footnote 182: Arab. “Sawákí,” the leats which irrigate the ground and are opened and closed with the foot. Footnote 183: The eighth (in altitude) of the many-storied Heavens. Footnote 184: Arab. “Ihramat li al-Salát,” _i.e._ She pronounced the formula of Intention (Niyat) without which prayer is not valid, ending with Allaho Akbar = Allah is All-great. Thus she had clothed herself, as it were, in prayer and had retired from the world pro temp. Footnote 185: _i.e._ the prayers of the last day and night which she had neglected while in company with the Jinns. The Hammam is not a pure place to pray in; but the Farz or Koranic orisons should be recited there if the legal term be hard upon its end. Footnote 186: Slaves, male as well as female, are as fond of talking over their sale as European dames enjoy looking back upon the details of courtship and marriage. Footnote 187: Arab. “Du’á,” = supplication, prayer, as opposed to “Salát” = divine worship, “prayers.” For the technical meaning of the latter see vol. iv. 65. I have objected to Mr. Redhouse’s distinction without a difference between Moslems’ worship and prayer: voluntary prayers are not prohibited to them and their praises of the Lord are mingled, as amongst all worshippers, with petitions. Footnote 188: Al-Muzfir = the Twister; Zafáir al-Jinn = Adiantum capillus veneris. Lúlúah = The Pearl, or Wild Heifer: see vol. ix. 218. Footnote 189: Arab. “Bi jildi ’l-bakar.” I hope that captious critics will not find fault with my rendering, as they did in the case of Fals ahmar = a red cent, vol. i. 321. Footnote 190: Arab. “Farásah” = lit. knowing a horse. Arabia abounds in tales illustrating abnormal powers of observation. I have noted this in vol. viii. 326. Footnote 191: _i.e._ the owner of this palace. Footnote 192: She made the Ghusl not because she had slept with a man, but because the impurity of Satan’s presence called for the major ablution before prayer. Footnote 193: _i.e._ she conjoined the prayers of nightfall with those of dawn. Footnote 194: _i.e._ those of midday, mid-afternoon and sunset. Footnote 195: Arab. “Sahbá,” red wine preferred for the morning draught. Footnote 196: The Apostle who delighted in women and perfumes. Persian poetry often alludes to the rose which, before white, was dyed red by his sweat. Footnote 197: