In its second and adapted state it takes its place in the armoury of the anti-Jesuits. The Jansenist controversy was at its height in the year of grace 1705, and Jansenism, although nominally subject to Rome, was regarded favourably by the Protestant Dutch as being a reforming movement within the Roman Catholic Church against the theological casuistry of the Jesuits. This is not the place to go into the anti-Jansenist polemics of the Jesuits since the publication of the “Augustinus” of 1640, though the {222} interest of the matter is sufficiently tempting. We must content ourselves with remembering that now at the beginning of a new century a supreme effort was being made by the Jesuits in France to destroy completely the pious community of Port Royal; that within four years they were to succeed in dispersing the nuns; within another year the cloister itself was to be pulled down; that in 1711 the very bodies of the departed members of the community were destined to be disinterred from the burial ground with the greatest brutalities and indecencies; and in 1713 the church itself demolished. But, though Port Royal itself was doomed, Jansenism was finding freedom under the Protestant Government of Holland. In 1689 Archbishop Codde had been appointed by the Pope Vicar Apostolic in Holland. Soon, however, it was discovered by the Jesuits that he favoured the Jansenists. By the machinations of the Jesuits he was therefore _invited_ to Rome, and treacherously detained there for _three years_, in defiance of all canonical regulations. In the meantime the Pope {223} appointed Theodore de Cock in his place, with the intention of crushing the Jansenists in Holland. Codde thereupon made his escape from Rome, and the well-known struggle of the Jansenists of Utrecht and Haarlem for a legitimate episcopal succession began. This was the juncture at which our copperplate was to do duty a second time, and for such different ends. It has been divorced from its letterpress, altered in certain details and slightly cut away at the top and bottom. Like those dealing with the Head Smith and Tongue Sharpener, as will be seen in the next chapter, it has been appropriated to the uses of “Roma Perturbata.” It is now entitled on the panel which has been inserted at the spring of the arches “Door Munnike-Jagt, Word Babel Verkracht” (By chasing monks, Babel is assailed), and the piratical publisher has made many ingenious alterations. The possibly punning publication line runs: “Benedictus Antisolitarius excudit Rom.” Above this appears the chronograph: “hos heros MonaChos apprenDe bataVe rebeLLes.” {224}