Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900: Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small CalibreMakins, George Henry
History
Surgical Experiences in South Africa, 1899-1900: Being Mainly a Clinical Study of the Nature and Effects of Injuries Produced by Bullets of Small Calibre
Makins, George Henry
Gunshot wounds; South African War, 1899-1902; Surgery, Military
In cases of low dorsal injury intestinal distension was
extreme, and I think more troublesome than the same condition
as seen in civil practice. The distension was accompanied by
most persistent vomiting, continuing for days, and in the cases
that lived for some time severe gastric crises of the same type
occurred in some instances.
Priapism was a common symptom; but, as is seen from the cases
quoted, was rarely due to any gross direct laceration of the
cord.
Trophic sores were both early to develop, and extensive;
primary decubitus occurred in all the cases I saw, and steady
extension followed. In one case a remarkable symmetrical
serpiginous ulceration developed in the area of distribution of
the cutaneous branches of the external popliteal nerve on the
outer side of the leg.
The paralysis in nearly every case was of the utterly flaccid
type, and wasting of the muscles was early and extreme. This
was occasionally accentuated by the supervention of myelitis.
Opportunities for making observations on the quantity of urine
secreted were not great, and I can offer no remark as to the
occurrence of polyuria. In one rapidly fatal case, however,
suppression of urine occurred.
(99) _Lumbar region. Transverse lesion._--Range under 1,000
yards. Wound of _entry_ (Mauser), over the seventh rib 1 inch
from the left posterior axillary fold; _exit_, over the centre
of the right iliac crest. Complete symmetrical motor and
sensory paralysis of lower extremities, entire abolition of
reflexes, retention of urine.
On the ninth day there was some return of sensation in the
lower extremities, and a cremasteric reflex was to be obtained.
A large bedsore had developed over the sacrum. No further
change occurred in the lower extremities. The patient became
progressively emaciated and exhausted, cystitis persisted, the
bedsore deepened. The man eventually developed signs of a large
basal abscess in the left lung, and died on the forty-second
day.
At the _post-mortem_ a fracture of the first lumbar lamina was
discovered, with some splintering of the bone; the lumbar
spinous process was attached and in its normal position.
Opposite the centre of the cauda equina were the remains of a
considerable haemorrhage, both extra- and intra-dural, the
nerves appearing somewhat compressed, but of normal
consistency. The muscles of the back were infiltrated with
putrid pus on both sides. A pulmonary abscess cavity the size
of a hen's egg occupied the upper part of the lower lobe of the
left lung. The kidneys were congested, and the bladder
thickened and chronically inflamed.
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