(107) _Contusion of cervical nerve roots_.--Range probably about 1,000 yards. Wounded at Belmont. Aperture of _entry_ (Lee-Metford), immediately posterior to the right fifth cervical transverse process; _exit_, immediately anterior to the space between the third and fourth left cervical transverse processes. The movements of the neck were perfect, there was neither pain nor difficulty in swallowing. Extreme hyperaesthesia was present in both palms and down the front of the forearms. The grip in either hand was weak, this being possibly explained in part by the hyperaesthesia of the palms, as all movements of the upper extremities could be made, although not with full power. On the fourth day the condition was much improved on the left side, and at the end of a week the left upper extremity was normal; the right (side of entry, and therefore exposed to greater force from the bullet) improved more slowly, becoming normal only at the end of three weeks. I observed an identical case of injury to the cervical roots, and many similar instances in injuries of the nerve trunks of the limbs in which the course was exactly parallel. In the more severe, pain was often added to hyperaesthesia. In the most severe cases the signs corresponded in all particulars, except in the early entire loss of reaction of the muscles to electricity, with those of complete section. Loss of sensation and motion was immediate, complete, and prolonged, the limbs being lowered in temperature, flaccid, and powerless. General systemic shock was also severe. In the case either of plexus or multiple contusions, or where the injury was more local, correspondingly complete signs were present in the area supplied by the affected nerves. In the cases in which the contusion was not of extreme degree, hyperaesthesia often developed as a later sign, and was probably due to the irritation of haemorrhage, when the sensory portion of the nerve began to regain functional capacity. The date of appearance of the hyperaesthesia varied from a few days to a week or later. It might then persist for weeks or many months. In a few instances large blebs rose on the back of the hand, or patches of vesicles appeared over the terminal distribution of the nerve, pointing to early trophic changes. The period of recovery varied greatly; in some instances of very complete paralysis, function was regained and became apparently normal at the end of three or four weeks; in others, even after severe wasting of muscles for weeks, rapid improvement occurred often suddenly, while in some there was no apparent recovery at the end of months. In cases of long-deferred improvement, wasting of the muscles became a very prominent feature; but this without complete loss of reaction of the muscles to electrical stimulation.