2. _Perforation of the vessels._--(_a_) This may be oblique or transverse to the long axis of a trunk; when the vessel is impinged upon laterally, an oval or circular notch, as the case may be, is produced; or (_b_) the bullet may strike more or less in the centre of the vessel, perforating both in front and behind, while lateral continuity is maintained; (_c_) beyond these degrees a vessel may, of course, be completely divided. Cases of notching of the vessel will be referred to under the heading of traumatic aneurism; those of perforation under that of aneurismal varix and varicose aneurism, the perforations in these cases affecting a parallel artery and vein. RESULTS OF INJURY TO THE VESSELS 1. _Haemorrhage._--The fact that haemorrhage was not a prominent feature in the wounds received during this campaign can scarcely be regarded as an experience confined to injuries caused by bullets of small calibre. The same observation was often made in the case of larger bullets in old days, and the absence of severe haemorrhage has previously been regarded as a special characteristic of gunshot wounds. None the less, as high a proportion as 50 per cent. of deaths occurring on the field in earlier days has been ascribed to this cause. Unfortunately no new facts can be furnished on this point, although a few cases of rapid death from primary haemorrhage will be found recounted under the heading of visceral injuries. Beyond these the general evidence offered by observations on men brought in from the field with vascular injuries, was opposed to the frequent occurrence of death from haemorrhage, at any rate of an external nature. This subject will be dealt with under the classical three headings of primary, recurrent, and secondary haemorrhage.