Malignant polypus of the nose is removed, says Paul (VI. xxv), with olivary pointed cauteries (πυρηνοειδὲς καυτήριον); and again, quoting Leonidas, he says empyema may be opened in the same way (VI. xliv). The special cautery which was used for 'aegilops' (fistula lachrymalis) was probably an olivary pointed cautery, as the cautery recommended by both Scultetus and Paré for this is an olivary pointed one. Paul (VI. xxii) says, 'Some after excision of the flesh use a perforator, and make a passage for the fluid or matter to the nose, but we are content with burning alone, using the cauteries for fistula lachrymalis (αἰγιλωπικοῖς καυτηρίοις) and burning down till a lamina of bone exfoliates.' _Gamma-shaped Cautery._ Paul (VI. lxii), describing the radical cure of hernia, says: 'Wherefore having heated ten or twelve cauteries shaped like the Greek letter Γ (γαμμοειδῶν καυτήρων) and two cautery knives, we must first burn the scrotum through with the Γ-shaped ones, &c.' _Obol Cautery._ In the treatise on haemorrhoids (iii. 340) Hippocrates says: 'I order, therefore, seven or eight instruments to be prepared, a palm long, and the thickness of a thick specillum, bent towards the end and flattened on the point like a small obol' (ὡς ἐπὶ ὀβολοῦ μικροῦ). _Lunated Cautery._ Greek, μηνοειδὲς καυτήριον. Paul says in cases of sloughing of the prepuce we must cut it off, and if there be haemorrhage we must use lunated cauteries (μηνοειδέσι καυτηρίοις). They both stop the haemorrhage and prevent the spreading of the sore (VI. lvii). _Nail, Tile and Button Cautery._ Treating of bubonocele, Paul says (VI. lxvi): 'Make a triangular mark over the centre of it and apply to the mark nail-shaped (ἡλωτούς) cauteries heated in the fire, and afterwards burn the triangle with gamma-shaped cauteries, and afterwards level the triangle with cauteries shaped like bricks (πλινθωτοῖς) or lentils (φακωτοῖς).' Cauteries of nail shape are also referred to by Hippocrates in the treatment of recurrent dislocation of the shoulder: 'Raise up the skin. Burn with cauteries which are not thick nor much rounded but of an elongated shape (προμήκη). For thus they pass more readily through' (iii. 151). Galen has a long note in explanation of this term: Φαλακρὰ κέκληκε τὰ περιφέρειαν ἔχοντα κατὰ τὸ πέρας οἷον οἱ κατὰ τὰς μασχάλας ἔχουσι πυρίνας ἤτοι τὰ διαπύρινα καλούμενα καὶ αἱ σπαθομήλαι, προμήκη δὲ τὰ τούτοις ἐναντίως διακείμενα προσηγόρευσεν, ὧν οὐκ ἔστι περιφερὲς τὸ πέρας ἀλλ' ὀξύτεραν περ' ἐμπλήρωμα παραπλήσιόν πως τοῖς εἰς τὰς παρακεντήσεις ἐπιτηδείοις ὀργάνοις.