for Bodgis, _Lewis_ for Leodgis, _Rabbit_ for Radbod, _Chabot_ for Chadbod. So also _Ralph_ and _Rolfe_ for Radulf and Hrodulf (though also for Ragulf and Hrogulf), _Roland_ for Rodland, _Roman_ for Rodman, &c. So _f_ is often dropped when it is followed by _m_ or _n_, as in A.S. Leomman for Leofmann, whence our _Lemon_. It is probable that our _Limmer_ is a similar contraction of A.S. Leofmer. As a case of transposition I may note _Falstaff_ from, as supposed, the O.G. name Fastulf. It may be a question whether this is not an Old Frankish name come to us through the Normans, for at Gambetta's funeral the French Bar was represented by M. _Falsteuf_. I now come to corruptions which arise from the attempt to give to a name something of an apparent meaning in English. Let me observe that, almost as an invariable rule, corruptions are made towards a meaning and not away from it; the ancient name Irminger might be corrupted into Ironmonger, but Ironmonger could not be corrupted into Irminger. It is natural to men to try to get some semblance of meaning out of a name, and all the more that it approaches to something which has a familiar sound to their ears. Thus H.M. ship, the _Bellerophon_, was called by the sailors the "Billy Ruffian," and a vessel owned by a fore-elder of mine, and which he christened the _Agomemnon_, invariably went among the sailors by the name of the "Mahogany Tom." Thus the Anglo-Saxon Trumbald has first become _Trumbull_ and then _Tremble_, and as suggested by Mr. Charnock, _Turnbull_. So we have the Old Norse name Thorgautr (Turgot, _Domesday_) variously made into _Target_ and into _Thoroughgood_.[46] In some cases a very slight change suffices to give a new complexion to the name, thus the Old Frankish Godenulf, (_ulf_, wolf), through a Norman Godeneuf, is scarcely changed in our _Goodenough_. Similarly we might have had Badenough (O.G. Badanulf), and Richenough (A.S. Ricnulf). We have _Birchenough_ (reminding us of Dr. Busby) no doubt from a name of similar formation not yet turned up. Then we have several names as _Garment_, _Rayment_, _Argument_, _Element_, _Merriment_, _Monument_, from ancient names ending in _mund_ or _munt_, supposed to mean protection, with only the change of a letter. I have referred in an earlier part of this chapter to the name Pendgast, and to the phonetic corruptions to which it has been subjected. But it seems also to have been subjected to a corruption of the other kind, for I take it that our name _Pentecost_ is properly Pentecast, as another or High German form of Pendegast. Another case of a corruption easily made is that of our name _Whitethread_ which seems obviously the Anglo-Saxon name Wihtræd, of which also we have another obvious corruption in _Whiterod_. So also the Anglo-Saxon name Weogern, p. 111 (more properly Wiggern, _wig_, war, and _gern_, eager), by an easy transition becomes _Waghorn_. And in this way also the paradoxical-looking name _Fairfoul_, by a slight change of