The two distinguished families of the _Adimari_ at Florence and of the _Grimaldi_ at Genoa both give evidence of German descent in their names (O.G. Adimar and Grimwald); as regards the latter indeed it is to be traced historically, though the position of the present representative, as ruler of the principality of Monaco and recipient of its doubtful gains, is perhaps hardly in accordance with the higher traditions of his family. The name, _Alphonso_, of a Duke of Ferrara in the middle ages, was one given also by the Germans to a still more illustrious lineage in Spain. Alphonso is a contraction of the O.G. Adalfuns (_adal_, noble, _funs_, eager). The Saxon form of _funs_ being _fus_, it seems to me that our name _Adolphus_ may be properly Adel-fus, and not a latinization of Adolph. German also are the names of the two great rival factions of the _Guelphs_ and the _Ghibellines_, Guelph being a Frankish form of Welf or Welp, Eng. whelp, and the Ghibellines deriving from an Old German name Gibilin, traced by Mone to a Burgundian origin. Thus the Guelphs, given originally by Germany to Italy, were afterwards transplanted again to Germany, and thence to England, to rule far above all factions. And again, we find the Bonaparte, whose ancestor was expelled from Italy as a Ghibelline, come forward to pursue on a grander scale his hereditary feud with the Guelphs. In the names of scholars and men of science the German element is very strongly represented. We find _Accolti_ (O.G. Achiolt for Agiovald[50]), _Alamanni_ (O.G. Alaman), _Algarotti_ (O.G. Algar for Adelgar), _Ansaldi_ (O.G. Ansald for Ansovald), _Audifredi_ (O.G. Audifred), _Bertrandi_ (O.G. Bertrand), _Gualdo_ (O.G. Waldo), _Giraldi_ (O.G. Girald), _Gosselini_ (O.G. Gosselin), _Guicciardini_ (O.G. Wichard), _Lanzi_ (O.G. Lanzi), _Lamberti_ (O.G. Lambert for Landbert), _Manfredi_ (O.G. Manfred), _Maraldi_ (O.G. Marald), _Odevico_ (O.G. Ottwic for Audewic), _Orlandi_ (O.G. Arland for Hariland), _Raimondi_ (O.G. Raimund), _Rolandini_ (O.G. Roland for Rodland), _Roberti_ (O.G. Robert for Rodbert), _Sacchi_ (O.G. Sacco), _Quirini_ (O.G. Guerin, Werin). We may add to the list the name of the historian _Sismondi_ (Sigismund), who, though born at Geneva, must, I apprehend, have been of Italian origin. The name in its uncontracted form, _Sigismondi_, is also found in Italy. Among the names of distinguished explorers and discoverers, we have _Americus_ (O.G. Emrich), who gave his name to America, and _Belzoni_ (O.G. Belzo). German are also the names of the Pope _Aldobrandini_ (O.G. Aldebrand), and of the philanthropist _Odeschalchi_ (O.G. Odalschalch), whose name, if translated, would be the appropriate one of "Servant of his country."