Caithness, earldom of; in the 14th cent. a moiety in the Angus earls and the Chen family; South Caithness granted to earl Magnus II; Brawl, a capital residence of the earls in C.; devolution of earldom and tribal owners; North and South divisions; hostages taken by Scotland after Largs; paid a fine to king Hakon. Caithness, earls of; Thorfinn Sigurdson, first Scottish earl; Skuli cr. earl by Scots king; Moddan cr. earl by Scots king; Crichton and Sinclair earls; earl's office descended to females; Norse and tribal land-owners; Scottish policy in regard to succession in C. Caithness and Sutherland Records, Viking Society. Caithness, Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the County of. Caithness, Prehistoric Remains of, (S. Laing and T.H. Huxley). Calder, Loch. Calder Valley, Calfdale of Saga. Caledonia, (G. Chalmers). Caledonians, Annals of the, (Ritson). Caledonians inhabited the Grampians; Romans failed to conquer; Roman wars effected union of; St. Ninian, Christian mission, through Roman influence. Cantyre. Carham; victory of Malcolm II. Cat, Province of, (Angus Mackay). Ce, the province Keith, or Mar. Celtic Britain, (Rhys). Celtic Scotland, (W.F. Skene); on succession to Caithness; Sir W. Fraser's criticism. Celts, non-seafaring; Norse influence; Gall-gaels; influence of Norse on Gaelic, and of Gael on Norse; "P" and "Q" Celts; kilted warriors of Norse extraction. Celts, Survival of Beliefs among the, (George Henderson). Chen, or Cheyne, family in Caithness; descendants of Johanna of Strathnaver; family lands. Chen II, Reginald; signatory of National Bond with Wales; father of Reginald Chen III; m. Mary, dau. of Freskin and Johanna of Strathnaver, got one-fourth of Caithness; had regrant of Strathnaver lands; Kerrow-na-Shein. Chen III, Reginald, known as "Morar na Shein," acquired Berridale in south Caithness from Malise II; owned a moiety of earldom of Caith., lived in parish of Halkirk; grandson of Johanna; Kerrow-na-Shein; his estate; acquired south Caithness lands after 1340; acquired Christian (Freskyn's) fourth; lands. Christ Church, Norse name for a cathedral. Christ Church, Bergen; king Hakon buried. Christ's Kirk, Birsay; burial of St. Magnus. Christian I, king of Norway; mortgaged Orkney and Shetland to Scotland. Christiania Fjord, or the Vik. Church; Pictish, Columban and Catholic; Norse influence. Clairdon, near Thurso; earl Harald Ungi defeated; where Lifolf Baldpate fell. Clibreck (Clibr'), part of Johanna's estate. Clon, in Ross, granted by earl of Ross to Walter de Moravia. Clontarf, the battle of. Clouston, J. Storer; _A Branch of the Family_; Orkney trithing. Clyne. Cobbie Row, ruins of the castle of Kolbein Hruga, in Wyre.