Picts; settlements of hermits and missionaries; chronicles; Pictish church replaced by Catholic church; driven eastward and northward by Scots; seven provinces; P. and Northmen; hunters and fishers; brochs for defence, arms, etc.; clans; non-seafaring Celts; never conquered by Romans; did not have mastery of sea in Norse times; Christian missions and Columban church; viking invasion; Pictish language superseded by Gaelic; never dispossessed of upper parts of valleys throughout Norse occupation; conquered by Scots; language, "P" Celtic; Picts of Athole, Moray, Ross and Cat; Pictish church and Pictish province of Ross and Moray resisted Scottish civilisation; Normans accepted as chiefs; their Christianity; Norse drove clergy from Orkney, N.E. Caithness, coasts of Sutherland and sea-board of Ross and Moray; Norse attacks on Picts, effect of; their lands seized by Norse. Pictish Nation and Church, The; (Rev. A.B. Scott), Pictish navy. Pictland; St. Ninian's mission; St. Kentigern's mission. Picts and Scots, Chronicle of the; origin of brochs; (Tighernac); the Pictish navy. Place-names; Norse p.n. preserved; near brochs. Plantula, dau. of Malcolm II, m. Sigurd, earl of Orkney. Platagall, "flat of the stranger," old name of Golspie. Pluscardensis, Liber. Pope, Alexander, of Reay; a tradition of Snaekoll's return; transl. Torf. Popes; Innocent III, letter. Powell, York. Prehistoric races. Primrose J.; _Hist, and Antiq. of the Parish of Uphall_. Rafn the Lawman; chief of stewards of Caithness; remained as lawman; at bishop Adam's burning; in derivation of Dunrobin--Drum-Rafn. Ragnhild, dau. of Eric Bloody-axe. Ragnhild, dau. of Eric Stagbrellir; sister of earl Harald Ungi; m. (2) Gunni; by whom she had a son, Snaekoll; her children the only heirs of Ragnvald and of Moddan; at home near Loch Naver; m. (1) Lifolf Baldpate; Johanna of Strathnaver, her sole descendant after 1232; held Moddan lands. Ragnvald, jarl of Maeri; made first Norse earl of Orkney; slain in Norway. Ragnvald Brusi's son, earl of Orkney; personal appearance; at Stiklastad; in Russia; Thorfinn's claims and their sea fight; escaped to Norway; returned and burned Thorfinn's hall; his slaughter; his grave; Kali Kolson named after him. Ragnvald, son of Eric Stagbrellir; fared to Norway; lived near Loch Naver; sole male representative of Erlend Thorfinnson; not known what became of him. Ragnvald Gudrodson, the viking; his descent; his title to earldom; invaded Caithness.