Univ. "publications"; m = newspapers; x = publications in which I saw
it; y = telling lies.
x_{1}m'_{0} + m_{1}y'_{0} ¶ x_{1}y'_{0} [Fig. I (a).
Conclusion wrong: right one is "The publication, in which I saw it,
tells lies."
pg151
8. Some cravats are not artistic;
I admire anything artistic.
There are some cravats that I do not admire.
Univ. "things"; m = artistic; x = cravats; y = things that I admire.
xm_{1} + m_{1}y_{0}
No Conclusion. [Fallacy of Unlike Eliminands with an Entity-Premiss.]
9. His songs never last an hour.
A song, that lasts an hour, is tedious.
His songs are never tedious.
Univ. "songs"; m = lasting an hour; x = his; y = tedious.
x_{1}m_{0} + m_{1}y'_{0} ¶ x'y_{1} [Fig. III.
Conclusion wrong: right one is "Some tedious songs are not his."
10. Some candles give very little light;
Candles are meant to give light.
Some things, that are meant to give light, give very little.
Univ. "things"; m = candles; x = giving &c.; y = meant &c.
mx_{1} + m_{1}y'_{0} ¶ xy_{1} [Fig. II.
Conclusion right.
11. All, who are anxious to learn, work hard.
Some of these boys work hard.
Some of these boys are anxious to learn.
Univ. "persons"; m = hard-working; x = anxious to learn; y = these boys.
x_{1}m'_{0} + ym_{1}
No Conclusion. [Fallacy of Unlike Eliminands with an Entity-Premiss.]
12. All lions are fierce;
Some lions do not drink coffee.
Some creatures that drink coffee are not fierce.
Univ. "creatures"; m = lions; x = fierce; y = creatures that drink
coffee.
m_{1}x'_{0} + my'_{1} ¶ xy'_{1} [Fig. II.
Conclusion wrong: right one is "Some fierce creatures do not drink
coffee."
13. No misers are generous;
Some old men are ungenerous.
Some old men are misers.
Univ. "persons"; m = generous; x = misers; y = old men.
xm_{0} + ym'_{1}
No Conclusion. [Fallacy of Unlike Eliminands with an Entity-Premiss.]
14. No fossil can be crossed in love;
An oyster may be crossed in love.
Oysters are not fossils.
Univ. "things"; m = things that can be crossed in love; x = fossils;
y = oysters.
xm_{0} + y_{1}m'_{0} ¶ y_{1}x_{0} [Fig. I (a).
Conclusion right.
pg152
15. All uneducated people are shallow;
Students are all educated.
No students are shallow.
Univ. "people"; m = educated; x = shallow; y = students.
m'_{1}x'_{0} + y_{1}m'_{0} ¶ xy'_{1} [Fig. III.
Conclusion wrong: right one is "Some shallow people are not students."
16. All young lambs jump;
No young animals are healthy, unless they jump.
All young lambs are healthy.
Univ. "young animals"; m = young animals that jump; x = lambs;
y = healthy.
x_{1}m'_{0} + m'y_{0}
No Conclusion. [Fallacy of Like Eliminands not asserted to exist.]
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