48. All the English pictures here are painted in oils. 49. Donkeys are not easy to swallow. 50. Opium-eaters never wear white kid gloves. 51. A good husband always comes home for his tea. 52. Bathing-machines are never made of mother-of-pearl. 53. Rainy days are always cloudy. 54. No heavy fish is unkind to children. 55. No engine-driver lives on barley-sugar. 56. All the animals in the yard gnaw bones. 57. No badger can guess a conundrum. 58. No cheque of yours, received by me, is payable to order. 59. I cannot read any of Brown's letters. 60. I always avoid a kangaroo. pg134 CHAPTER III. _SOLUTIONS._ § 1. _Propositions of Relation reduced to normal form._ _Solutions for § 1._ SL1 1. The Univ. is "persons." The Individual "I" may be regarded as a Class, of persons, whose peculiar Attribute is "represented by the Name 'I'", and may be called the Class of "I's". It is evident that this Class cannot possibly contain more than one Member: hence the Sign of Quantity is "all". The verb "have been" may be replaced by the phrase "are persons who have been". The Proposition may be written thus:-- "All" _Sign of Quantity_. "I's" _Subject_. "are" _Copula_. "persons who have been out for a walk" _Predicate_. or, more briefly, "All | I's | are | persons who have been out for a walk". 2. The Univ. and the Subject are the same as in Ex. 1. The Proposition may be written "All | I's | are | persons who feel better". 3. Univ. is "persons". The Subject is evidently the Class of persons from which John is _excluded_; _i.e._ it is the Class containing all persons who are _not_ "John". The Sign of Quantity is "no". The verb "has read" may be replaced by the phrase "are persons who have read". The Proposition may be written "No | persons who are not 'John' | are | persons who have read the letter". 4. Univ. is "persons". The Subject is evidently the Class of persons whose only two Members are "you and I". Hence the Sign of Quantity is "no". The Proposition may be written "No | Members of the Class 'you and I' | are | old persons". pg135 5. Univ. is "creatures". The verb "run well" may be replaced by the phrase "are creatures that run well". The Proposition may be written "No | fat creatures | are | creatures that run well". 6. Univ. is "persons". The Subject is evidently the Class of persons who are _not_ brave. The verb "deserve" may be replaced by the phrase "are deserving of". The Proposition may be written "No | not-brave persons | are | persons deserving of the fair".