Systematic Theology (Volume 1 of 3)Strong, Augustus Hopkins
Religion
Systematic Theology (Volume 1 of 3)
Strong, Augustus Hopkins
Baptists -- Doctrines; Theology, Doctrinal
Evolution is only the method of God. It has to do with the _how_,
not with the _why_, of phenomena, and therefore is not
inconsistent with design, but rather is a new and higher
illustration of design. Henry Ward Beecher: “Design by wholesale
is greater than design by retail.” Frances Power Cobbe: “It is a
singular fact that, whenever we find out _how_ a thing is done,
our first conclusion seems to be that _God_ did not do it.” Why
should we say: “The more law, the less God?” The theist refers the
phenomena to a cause that knows itself and what it is doing; the
atheist refers them to a power which knows nothing of itself and
what it is doing (Bowne). George John Romanes said that, if God be
immanent, then all natural causation must appear to be mechanical,
and it is no argument against the divine origin of a thing to
prove it due to natural causation: “Causes in nature do not
obviate the necessity of a cause in nature.” Shaler,
Interpretation of Nature, 47—Evolution shows that the direction of
affairs is under control of something like our own intelligence:
“Evolution spells Purpose.” Clarke, Christ. Theology, 105—“The
modern doctrine of evolution has been awake to the existence of
innumerable ends _within_ the universe, but not to the one great
end _for_ the universe itself.” Huxley, Critiques and Addresses,
274, 275, 307—“The teleological and mechanical views of the
universe are not mutually exclusive.” Sir William Hamilton,
Metaphysics: “Intelligence stands first in the order of existence.
Efficient causes are preceded by final causes.” See also Thornton,
Old Fashioned Ethics, 199-265; Archbp. Temple, Bampton Lect.,
1884:99-123; Owen, Anat. of Vertebrates, 3:796; Peirce, Ideality
in the Physical Sciences, 1-35; Newman Smyth, Through Science to
Faith, 96; Fisher, Nat. and Meth. of Rev., 135.
B. The minor premise expresses a working-principle of all science, namely,
that all things have their uses, that order pervades the universe, and
that the methods of nature are rational methods. Evidences of this appear
in the correlation of the chemical elements to each other; in the fitness
of the inanimate world to be the basis and support of life; in the typical
forms and unity of plan apparent in the organic creation; in the existence
and coöperation of natural laws; in cosmical order and compensations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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