On the general subject of Repentance, see Anderson, Regeneration, 279‐288; Bp. Ossory, Nature and Effects of Faith, 40‐48, 311‐318; Woods, Works, 3:68‐78; Philippi, Glaubenslehre, 5:1‐10, 208‐246; Luthardt, Compendium, 3d ed., 206‐208; Hodge, Outlines of Theology, 375‐381; Alexander, Evidences of Christianity, 47‐60; Crawford, Atonement, 413‐419. 2. Faith. Faith is that voluntary change in the mind of the sinner in which he turns to Christ. Being essentially a change of mind, it involves a change of view, a change of feeling, and a change of purpose. We may therefore analyze faith also into three constituents, each succeeding term of which includes and implies the preceding: A. An intellectual element (_notitia, credere Deum_),—recognition of the truth of God’s revelation, or of the objective reality of the salvation provided by Christ. This includes not only a historical belief in the facts of the Scripture, but an intellectual belief in the doctrine taught therein as to man’s sinfulness and dependence upon Christ. _John 2:23, 24_—“_How when he was in Jerusalem at the passover, during the feast, many believed on his name, beholding his signs which he did. But Jesus did not trust himself unto them, for that he knew all men_”; _cf._ _3:2_—Nicodemus has this external faith: “_no one can do these signs that thou doest, except God be with him_.” _James 2:19_—“_Thou believest that God is one; thou doest well: the demons also believe, and shudder._” Even this historical faith is not without its fruits. It is the spring of much philanthropic work. There were no hospitals in ancient Rome. Much of our modern progress is due to the leavening influence of Christianity, even in the case of those who have not personally accepted Christ. McLaren, S. S. Times, Feb. 22, 1902:107—“Luke does not hesitate to say, in _Acts 8:13_, that ‘_Simon Magus also himself believed_.’ But he expects us to understand that Simon’s belief was not faith that saved, but mere credence in the gospel narrative as true history. It had no ethical or spiritual worth. He was ‘_amazed_,’ as the Samaritans had been at his juggleries. It did not lead to repentance, or confession, or true trust. He was only ‘_amazed_’ at Philip’s miracles, and there was no salvation in that.” Merely historical faith, such as Disciples and Ritschlians hold to, lacks the element of affection, and besides this lacks the present reality of Christ himself. Faith that does not lay hold of a present Christ is not saving faith.