======================+======================================= |When firing at the targets named (1 |skirmisher per m.) with time shrapnel, TARGETS. |mod. ’96, set to burst 50 m. short, the |following _hits per shrapnel_ may be |expected after the adjustment has been |effected: ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- | 500 m.|1000 m.|2000 m.|3000 m.|4000 m. ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- Skirmishers standing | 18.4 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 10.4 Skirmishers kneeling | 10.6 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 5.8 Skirmishers lying down| 6.4 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.5 Head targets | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- ======================+======================================= |When firing at the targets named TARGETS. |(skirmish line with 1 skirmisher per |m.), under service conditions, with time |shrapnel, mod. ’96, set to burst 50-100 |m. short, the following hits per minute |may be expected on an average: ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- | 500 m.|1000 m.|2000 m.|3000 m.|4000 m. ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- Skirmishers standing | 364 | 202 | 109 | 46 | 14 Skirmishers kneeling | 210 | 117 | 63 | 27 | 8 Skirmishers lying down| 126 | 70 | 38 | 16 | 5 Head targets | 70 | 39 | 21 | 9 | 3 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------- [110] ROHNE, _Die Taktik der Feldartillerie_, Berlin, 2nd Edition, p. 9. More than 80% of the men struck by fragments and bullets from shrapnel bursting within 100 m. are disabled. The penetration of shrapnel bullets is so great, at ranges under 2000 m., that when they strike bones or vital organs of horses, they produce instant incapacity for action. This is especially true when the interval of burst is less than 100 m. The effect of shrapnel directed against batteries provided with shields is insignificant. Time shrapnel is the principal projectile employed by artillery against animate objects, provided these are not located immediately in rear of parapets, within tall timber, or under bomb-proofs. This projectile is ineffective against such cover on account of the flatness of the trajectory and the sensitiveness of the fuze. Shrapnel is to be supplemented by =shell= filled with explosive charge, model ’88, which has a great explosive effect at extreme ranges and in tall timber. (See pars. 159-160 German F. A. F. R., in regard to action against shielded batteries).