The figures given on pages 72 and 73 of the German Infantry Drill Regulations illustrate formations with organizations at peace strength. The approximate dimensions of broad and deep columns at war strength are as follows: [Illustration] =Russia.= Numerous formations are prescribed. In addition to route column, columns with half company front and with company front are prescribed. Reserve columns are mentioned. These, according to the number of companies on the same line, are called single platoon column (deep column), two platoon column (double column), or four platoon column. =Austria.= _The mass_, in which the companies of the battalion are on the same line, each company in company column[80] with intervals of three paces between companies, is employed for assembling the battalion in a restricted space in a position in readiness when out of range of hostile fire, or for assembling the battalion under cover. The _line of columns_, in which the companies, each in column or some other suitable formation, are formed abreast of each other at deploying intervals plus three paces, is also used. [80] In the Austrian company column (_Kompagniekolonne_), the platoons, each in line, are formed one in rear of the other. This formation was formerly called company column (_Kompagniekolonne_) by the Germans also, but at present they designate it by the term “column of platoons” (_Zugkolonne_). _Translator._ _The line._ In this formation the companies, each in line, are placed abreast of each other at intervals of three paces. _The column._ In this formation the companies are placed in rear of each other, each either in line or in column, with distances of nine paces between companies. The companies are numbered 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc., from head to rear, if in column, and from right to left, if in line. =Italy.= The formations are like those of Austria, but the double column has been retained. =Japan.= The only formations prescribed are the broad and deep column. =France.= The companies are formed in column or in _ligne de sections par quatre_, intervals and distances being 10 paces. Distances and intervals may be increased when required. The _battalion in line_ in which the companies are formed in line in numerical order, abreast of each other at intervals of six paces, is only retained as a parade formation. _Line of company columns_ (_ligne de colonnes_). Companies abreast with intervals of six paces. _Deep column_ (_colonne de bataillon_). The companies in normal formation in rear of each other at distances of 10 paces. _Double column_ (_colonne double_). Intervals and distances 10 paces. The formation in which the companies are abreast of each other, each in column of fours at deploying intervals, is employed in marching across country and also under artillery fire. Only the regiment carries a color, the battalion a guidon (_fanion_).