According to this, a horse, eating 20 lbs. of hay, and 6 lbs. of oats, per day, voids in a year nearly seven tons of solid excrements, and 1,255 lbs. of urine. It would seem that there must have been some mistake in collecting the urine, or what was probably the case, that some of it must have been absorbed by the dung; for 3½ pints of urine per day is certainly much less than is usually voided by a horse. Stockard gives the amount of urine voided by a horse in a year at 3,000 lbs.; a cow, 8,000 lbs.; sheep, 380 lbs.; pig, 1,200 lbs. Dr. Vœlcker, at the Royal Agricultural College, at Cirencester, England, made some valuable investigations in regard to the composition of farm-yard manure, and the changes which take place during fermentation. The manure was composed of horse, cow, and pig-dung, mixed with the straw used for bedding in the stalls, pig-pens, sheds, etc. On the 3d of November, 1854, a sample of what Dr. Vœlcker calls “Fresh Long Dung,” was taken from the “manure-pit” for analysis. It had lain in the pit or heap about 14 days. The following is the result of the analysis: Fresh Farm-Yard Manure. Half A Ton, Or 1,000 Lbs. Water 661.7 lbs. Organic matter 282.4 ” Ash 55.9 ” ------------- 1,000.0 lbs. Nitrogen 6.43 ” “Before you go any farther,” said the Deacon, “let me understand what these figures mean? Do you mean that a ton of manure contains only 12¾ lbs. of nitrogen, and 111 lbs. of ash, and that all the rest is carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no value?” --“That is it precisely, Deacon,” said I, “and furthermore, a large part of the ash has very little fertilizing value, as seen from the following: Detailed Composition of the Ash of Fresh Barn-Yard Manure. Soluble silica 21.59 Insoluble silicious matter (sand) 10.04 Phosphate of lime 5.35 Oxide of iron, alumina, with phosphate 8.47 Containing phosphoric acid 3.18 Lime 21.31 Magnesia 2.76 Potash 12.04 Soda 1.30 Chloride of sodium 0.54 Sulphuric acid 1.49 Carbonic acid and loss 15.11 ------ 100.00 Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, are the most valuable ingredients in manure. It will be seen that a ton of fresh barn-yard manure, of probably good average quality, contains: Nitrogen 12¾ lbs. Phosphoric acid 6½ ” Potash 13½ ”