Proper motion has been suggested in regard to a very small, faint
nebula (N.G.C. 3236) a few degrees following α Leonis. But Dreyer has
disproved this by showing that there was no proper motion between 1865
and 1887, whence “it may be safely inferred that there has been none
since 1830, unless we are to believe, in this and similar cases, that
nebulæ in the good old days moved about as they liked, but have been on
their good behaviour since 1861.”
_Nebulous Stars._—This name was applied by Hipparchus and other ancient
observers to the clusters of stars which, to the naked eye, appear
as patches of nebulous light. Sir W. Herschel, in 1791, showed this
designation to be incorrect, and used it in connection with stars
actually involved in nebulosity. In sweeping the heavens he met with
several instances of this kind. Thus, 3° E.S.E. of ζ Persei he found
a star of the 9th mag. surrounded by a nebula 3′ in diameter. He
picked up another close to the star 63 Geminorum. This is a remarkable
object—a star of the 9th mag. surrounded by two dark and two bright
rings. On Feb. 3, 1864, Lord Rosse’s telescope showed an opening in
the outer bright ring, and the latter seemed connected with the inner
bright ring; so that the object presented the aspect of a spiral nebula
with a star in the centre. The diameter of the whole nebulosity is
45″. Key observed this object with an 18-inch reflector in 1868, and
described it as symmetrical—a central star, with intervening dark and
bright rings. He found a power of 510 the best, for, “like the annular
nebula in Lyra, it bears magnifying wonderfully well.” Since Herschel’s
time many nebulous stars have been discovered. There is one of about
6th mag. in R.A. 8^h 6^m·1, Dec.-12° 36′. The nebulosity round the
star fades away gradually, and its extreme diameter is 157″. There
is a 7th mag. star at R.A. 21^h 0^m 14^s, Dec. +67° 44′ involved in a
very large, faint nebulosity. This is a striking object, and I have
frequently picked it up while comet-seeking. The star has such a
foggy, veiled appearance that on first remarking it the observer thinks
his lenses are dewed, but on viewing neighbouring stars he sees them
sharp and clear on the dark sky, and the contrast is very pronounced.
The nebulous star is much isolated, though in a part of the sky where
small stars abound. This is one of Herschel’s discoveries and No. 7023
of the N. G. C.; Dreyer says he has seen the nebulosity particularly
distinct north and south of the star. In some cases a double star is
involved in nebulosity, and there are instances in which two double
stars are placed within an elliptical nebula.
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