Ten Great Religions: An Essay in Comparative TheologyClarke, James Freeman
Islamic
Ten Great Religions: An Essay in Comparative Theology
Clarke, James Freeman
Christianity and other religions; Religions
Max Müller adds: "It would be easy to find, in the numerous hymns of the
Veda, passages in which almost every single god is represented as supreme
and absolute. Agni is called 'Ruler of the Universe'; Indra is celebrated
as the Strongest god, and in one hymn it is said, 'Indra is stronger than
all.' It is said of Soma that 'he conquers every one.'"
But clearer traces of monotheism are to be found in the Vedas. In one hymn
of the Rig-Veda it is said: "They call him Indra, Mitra, Varuna, Agni;
then he is the well-winged heavenly Garutmat; that which is One, the wise
call it many ways; they call it Agni, Yama, Matarisvan."
Nothing, however, will give us so good an idea of the character of these
Vedic hymns as the hymns themselves. I therefore select a few of the most
striking of those which have been translated by Colebrooke, Wilson, M.
Müller, E. Bumont, and others.
In the following, from one of the oldest Vedas, the unity of God seems
very clearly expressed.
RIG-VEDA, X. 121.
"In the beginning there arose the Source of golden light. He was the
only born Lord of all that is. He established the earth, and this sky.
Who is the God to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"He who gives life. He who gives strength; whose blessing all the
bright gods desire; whose shadow is immortality, whose shadow is death.
Who is the God to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"He who through his power is the only king of the breathing and
awakening world. He who governs all, man and beast. Who is the god to
whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"He whose power these snowy mountains, whose power the sea proclaims,
with the distant river. He whose these regions are, as it were his two
arms. Who is the god to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"He through whom the sky is bright and the earth firm. He through whom
heaven was stablished; nay, the highest heaven. He who measured out the
light in the air. Who is the god to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"He to whom heaven and earth, standing firm by his will, look up,
trembling inwardly. He over whom the rising sun shines forth. Who is
the god to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"Wherever the mighty water-clouds went, where they placed the seed and
lit the fire, thence arose he who is the only life of the bright gods.
Who is the god to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"He who by his might looked even over the water-clouds, the clouds
which gave strength and lit the sacrifice; _he who is God above all
gods_. Who is the god to whom we shall offer our sacrifice?
"May he not destroy us,--he the creator of the earth,--or he, the
righteous, who created heaven; he who also created the bright and
mighty waters. Who is the god to whom we shall offer our
sacrifices?"[40]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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