Tent Work in Palestine: A Record of Discovery and AdventureConder, C. R. (Claude Reignier)
History
Tent Work in Palestine: A Record of Discovery and Adventure
Conder, C. R. (Claude Reignier)
Palestine -- Description and travel
We have yet another indication--namely, that Calvary should be near the
cemetery in which was the tomb of Joseph of Arimathea, in the garden
beyond the city. Now the great cemetery of Jewish times lies north of
Jerusalem, on either side of the main north road; here we have the
sepulchre of Simon the Just, preserved by Jewish tradition; here is the
magnificent monument of Helena, Queen of Adiabene, fitted with a
rolling-stone, such as closed the mouth of the Holy Sepulchre. The first
of these tombs dates from three centuries before Christ; the second was
cut in the first century of His era. Thus the northern cemetery was
probably that which was in use in His time.
The Holy Sepulchre cannot have been one of the _kokim_ tombs originally
used by the Jews, in which each body lay in a long pigeon-hole, with its
feet towards the central chamber; for in that case angels could not have
been seated “one at the head and the other at the feet where the body of
Jesus had lain.” It must have been one of the later kind of tombs, in
which the body lay in a rock sarcophagus under a rock arch parallel with
the side of the chamber. This is the kind of tomb which throughout
Palestine we find closed by a rolling-stone; it is the kind in use in
the late Jewish times, and the kind, moreover, which is found north of
Jerusalem. Here, then, among the olive-gardens and vineyards of Wâdy el
Jôz, one would naturally look for the site of the new tomb in the
garden, far beyond the Acra hill, and in the cemetery which was used by
the Jews at the time of Christ.
These considerations would lead us to fix Calvary--the place of
execution--north of Jerusalem, near the main road to Shechem, and near
the northern cemetery. Now, close to this road, on the east, is a
rounded knoll, with a precipice on the south side, containing a cave
known to Christians as Jeremiah’s Grotto. The knoll is called by the
natives El Heidhemîyeh. The Arabic word is, however, known to be a
corruption of El Heiremîyeh, “the place of Jeremiah.”
A venerable tradition has fixed on this neighbourhood as the scene of
the martyrdom of St. Stephen. A church dedicated to him stood, in the
fifth century, near the knoll. There can be little doubt that the
stoning of Stephen occurred at the place of public execution, and if we
are right in supposing that place to be Calvary, then we have
traditional reason for identifying the latter with the neighbourhood of
the Heidhemîyeh knoll.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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