armillary spheres, likewise many terrestrial and celestial globes of various sizes. Reference is made above to a task assigned to him by the great astronomer, Cassini.[139] A few of the globes of this distinguished man have been located. Fiorini reports[140] that one of his celestial globes may be found in the private library of Count Malvezzi de’ Medici of Bologna, having a diameter of about 32 cm. Its twelve gores have been cut at latitude 70 degrees both north and south, the polar spaces being covered by four sectors instead of by the usual circular disc. The globe is made to revolve on its equatorial axis, not on the axis of the ecliptic. It has a simple mounting, including a meridian circle of brass and a horizon circle of wood. Star names are given in French and in Latin. The dedication reads, “Dédié et présenté à Monseigneur le Dauphin par son très humble et très obéissant Bion,” but there appears to be some uncertainty about the date, which is probably between 1700 and 1710. There is one of Bion’s terrestrial globes dated 1712 and dedicated to “Monseigneur le Duc de Berry,” in the Istituto tecnico of Florence, which is reported to be in a good state of preservation. Loxodromic lines are drawn on the map in accord with the best practices of the time, which radiate from wind or compass roses, one being placed on the equator and one at latitude 35 degrees south. A third terrestrial globe made by Bion may be found in the Osservatorio Astronomico of Rome, which is wanting both dedication and place of publication. The Osservatorio Astronomico also possesses a fine armillary sphere, the work of Carmelo Cartilia,[141] the diameter of whose largest or meridian circle is about 26 cm. It is described by a former director of the observatory as being made of brass, and a companion of a globe constructed by Bion, having a similar mounting. The equatorial circle, the tropics, and the colures have the usual graduation. The ecliptic consists of a band 4 cm. in width, having engraved on its surface the signs of the zodiac and the days of the months. At the north pole is attached an hour circle with index. At the common center of the circles is a small ball 27 mm. in diameter representing the earth, through which the axis of the ecliptic passes. Around this small ball is adjusted a circle on which is engraved the word “Luna.” There is an additional small circle which represents the course of the sun, and attached to this is a silvered ball to represent that luminary. Circles are provided representing the planets, on which we find such names as “Marti,” “Giove,” “Saturno,” and circles around the sun representing the course of the planets Mercury and Venus. On one of the supporting arms of the sphere is the author and date legend, reading, “Carmelus Cartilia et Francalancia Siculus fecit Taurini anno dñi 1720.”