Terrestrial and Celestial Globes Volume 2: Their History and Construction Including a Consideration of their Value as Aids in the Study of Geography and AstronomyStevenson, Edward Luther
History
Terrestrial and Celestial Globes Volume 2: Their History and Construction Including a Consideration of their Value as Aids in the Study of Geography and Astronomy
Stevenson, Edward Luther
Geography -- History; Globes
The Hispanic Society of America possesses a good example of Fortin’s
work (Fig. 129), this being an armillary sphere, having at the common
center of its system of circles a terrestrial globe about 5 cm. in
diameter. It is without date, but probably was constructed about the
year 1780. In the South Pacific within a cartouch is the inscription “A
Paris chez le Sr. Fortin. Rue de la Harpe.” This example is 41 cm. in
height, having a graduated horizon circle 31 cm. in diameter, supported
on a turned wooden base by four arms or quadrants. The terrestrial globe
map of twelve gores is much darkened with age but gives in good outline
the several continents with a few geographical names. Its armillae are
of pasteboard, consisting of a supporting meridian circle within which
the several celestial circles can be revolved on the extended polar axis
of the terrestrial globe. These celestial circles represent the zodiac,
on the surface of which are given the names of the several zodiacal
constellations and the names of the months, the meridian circles, the
tropics, the equator, the two polar circles with an hour circle at the
north pole, all of these being so attached as not to permit of
independent motion. Attached to one of the meridian circles is a device
for representing eclipses, the one of the sun and the other of the moon.
[Illustration: Fig. 129. Armillary Sphere of Jean Fortin, 1780.]
George Adams, the elder (fl. 1760), maker of mathematical instruments
and optician to His Majesty George III of England, won great distinction
for himself as a maker of terrestrial and celestial globes, and as a
writer on geographical and astronomical subjects. With him in his work
were associated his sons George (1750-1795) and Dudley, to whom, after
the death of the brother, fell the management of the business. We know
of Dudley’s success in his work, which he must have carried on well into
the first quarter of the nineteenth century, though we know neither the
date of his birth nor of his death. In the year 1766 the elder Adams
issued the first edition of a very useful work on globes, including a
consideration of their construction and their uses.[174] In the year
1810 appeared the thirtieth edition of this work, with a preface and
additions by the son, Dudley. The title of the work suggests that the
first issue was prepared as a description of globes which the author had
just put upon the market, but globes of his bearing a date so early seem
to be unknown. None have been located which appear to have been issued
earlier than the year 1772, after which time we know there were repeated
issues signed either “G. Adams” or “D. Adams.” A pair of the date 1782
may be found in the Museo Astronomico of Rome. These appear to be in a
fair state of preservation (Fig. 130). Each has a diameter of about 46
cm., being furnished with a graduated brass meridian circle within which
the sphere revolves, a graduated horizon circle of wood, having pasted
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